纳米零价铁与重金属的反应:“核-壳”结构在重金属去除中的作用

发布时间：2018-04-14 01:03

本文选题：重金属 + 纳米零价铁　；参考：《化学学报》2017年06期

【摘要】：重金属是一类毒性较高、处理难度较大的环境污染物.纳米零价铁因为具有高效分离、固定重金属的潜能而受到广泛关注.其独特的纳米级核壳结构和表面性质使纳米零价铁能够通过吸附、还原和沉淀等多种作用高效去除重金属.现代仪器分析手段的进步,特别是高分辨电子显微成像技术的发展,为深入研究纳米零价铁的微观结构以及纳米零价铁与重金属的作用机理开辟了新的视角.本文重点讨论了纳米零价铁的结构、性质及其在重金属去除中的作用.研究借助高分辨率的球差校正扫描透射电镜(Cs-STEM)成像,配合高灵敏度的X射线能谱仪(XEDS)进行化学分析,旨在更好地了解纳米零价铁的精细结构及其与重金属的界面反应过程和机理.在深入理论研究的同时,通过"小试—中试—工程"逐级放大的方法,系统论证了纳米零价铁处理重金属废水的可行性.结果表明,纳米零价铁可有效、同步去除实际废水中铜、砷、铅、锌等多种重金属,并具有较高的去除负荷.
[Abstract]:Heavy metals are a class of environmental pollutants with high toxicity and difficulty in treatment.Nanocrystalline zero-valent iron has attracted much attention because of its high-efficiency separation and the potential to immobilize heavy metals.Its unique nanocrystalline core-shell structure and surface properties enable nanocrystalline zero-valent iron to efficiently remove heavy metals by adsorption, reduction and precipitation.The progress of modern instrument analysis, especially the development of high resolution electron microscopy (HRM), opens up a new perspective for the further study of the microstructure of nanocrystalline zero-valent iron and the mechanism of the interaction between nano-zero-valent iron and heavy metals.In this paper, the structure, properties and role of nanocrystalline zero-valent iron in heavy metal removal are discussed.By means of high resolution spherical aberration correction scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEMm) imaging, the chemical analysis was carried out in conjunction with a highly sensitive X-ray energy spectrometer (XEDS).The aim is to better understand the fine structure of nanocrystalline zero-valent iron and its interfacial reaction process and mechanism with heavy metals.At the same time of deep theoretical research, the feasibility of treating heavy metal wastewater by nanometer zero-valent iron was systematically demonstrated by the method of "small trial-pilot-engineering" step by step amplification.The results show that nano-iron can be used to remove copper, arsenic, lead, zinc and other heavy metals in wastewater simultaneously, and has a high removal load.
【作者单位】：同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(Nos.21677107,51578398)资助~~
【分类号】：X703

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