京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 18:34

本文选题：京津冀 + 雾霾防治　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国出现多地区长时间大范围的重污染天气——雾霾,尤其以京津冀地区为重。京津冀地区雾霾长时间霸占蓝天,给当地气候、经济、社会和公众健康等方面造成显著的负面影响。雾霾防治逐渐成为三地政府的环保重中之重。京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度是京津冀进行雾霾联合防治的重要法律制度,主要是指通过对实践中探索和应用的雾霾预警和应急机制进行立法而确定下来的,规范京津冀三地政府联合进行雾霾预警和应急工作流程,引导三地公众正确、科学防护雾霾,并对执法中的预警和应急行为进行有效监督的制度。这一制度的特点是京津冀联合防治,其具体内容主要包括,雾霾信息监测、收集、传递、识别和分析、有关部门进行决策、雾霾信息发布、启动应急措施等。目前,京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度,基本已经实现了统一预警分级标准、统一空气质量监测、制定联合执法机制。但是还存在一定的问题,比如,缺乏统一高效的雾霾预警和应急区域管理机构;还没有相应的联合立法、执法力度不足、对公众缺乏雾霾预警和应急知识普及和教育等。为了使京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度更好更有效更精准地落实,发挥它在保障公众空气质量知情权、提高公众防护意识等方面的作用,有必要对京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度做进一步的理论研究。因此,本文将从以下几方面对京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度进行研究:首先,对京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度的概念、特征、危害以及京津冀联合防治的必要性进行概述概述。以期从整体上对京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度是什么样的制度有所把握。其次,对京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度的组织机构、立法状况、执法状况进行分析,发现目前存在的不足之处。再次,通过对美日英等国外发达国家在雾霾预警和应急方面的实践经验进行分析,发现其中适合京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度完善的措施。最后,根据京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度存在的问题和美日英在相关方面的成功经验借鉴,对京津冀雾霾防治联合预警和应急制度进行相应的完善。
[Abstract]:In recent years, haze, especially in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, has appeared in many areas, especially in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.In Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, haze dominates the blue sky for a long time, which has a significant negative impact on local climate, economy, society and public health.Haze prevention and control has gradually become the top priority of environmental protection of the three governments.The joint early-warning and emergency system of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei haze prevention and treatment is an important legal system for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei joint prevention and control of haze. It mainly refers to the enactment of legislation on the haze early-warning and emergency mechanism, which has been explored and applied in practice.The government of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei should standardize the haze early warning and emergency work flow, guide the public to protect haze scientifically, and supervise the early warning and emergency behavior in law enforcement.The characteristic of this system is the joint prevention and cure between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Its concrete contents include: haze information monitoring, collection, transmission, identification and analysis, decision-making by relevant departments, publication of haze information, initiation of emergency measures and so on.At present, the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei haze prevention and control joint early warning and emergency system, has basically achieved the unified early warning classification standard, unified air quality monitoring, the formulation of joint law enforcement mechanism.However, there are still some problems, such as the lack of unified and efficient haze early warning and emergency regional management agencies, the lack of corresponding joint legislation, insufficient law enforcement, the lack of haze early warning and emergency knowledge popularization and education to the public, and so on.In order to make the joint early warning and emergency system of prevention and treatment of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei haze better, more effective and more accurate, and to give play to its role in ensuring the public air quality right to know and raising public awareness of protection,It is necessary to make further theoretical research on the joint early warning and emergency system of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei haze prevention and treatment.Therefore, this paper will study the joint early-warning and emergency system of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei haze prevention and control from the following aspects: first, the concept and characteristics of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei haze prevention and control joint early warning and emergency system.The harm and the necessity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei joint prevention and cure are summarized.It is expected that the system of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei haze prevention and treatment joint early warning and emergency response system can be grasped as a whole.Secondly, it analyzes the organization, legislation and law enforcement of the haze prevention and control system of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.Thirdly, through the analysis of the practical experience of the United States, Japan, Britain and other developed countries in the field of haze early warning and emergency response, it is found that the measures are suitable for the joint early-warning and emergency system of haze prevention and treatment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei province.Finally, according to the problems existing in the joint early-warning and emergency system of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei haze prevention and treatment, and the successful experiences of the United States, Japan and Britain, the paper makes a corresponding improvement on the joint early-warning and emergency system of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei haze prevention and control.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X513;D922.1

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