不同种类肥料及不同降雨强度对模拟农田退水中磷元素流失特征的研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 15:12

本文选题：农田退水 + 磷　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,为了达到高产的目的,在实际农业生产过重中会增加肥料施用的投入,尤其是化学肥料。但是施用大量的化肥,不仅加剧了农田土壤的负担,还会造成环境的污染。自然条件下,土壤有效磷的含量很低,为保证土壤磷元素的养分充足,通常施用过量的磷肥。长期而过量施用磷肥,会造成土壤的富磷状态,加速磷元素流失的速度。经过农田灌溉和雨水冲刷,土壤中大量磷元素进入河流、湖泊等水体,造成水体严重污染,加剧其富营养化程度。目前国内外学者也开展了大量对农田退水的污染的研究工作,在土壤溶质运动机理与模型研究上有了大量实验论据,但是对农田退水中氮磷等污染物的迁移规律上还缺乏深入的研究。本实验主要研究在不同降雨强度和不同种类肥料两种大条件下,磷元素在种植小白菜的模拟农田的退水中残留的浓度大小、浓度变化特征,并为实际工程中不同种类化肥的对农田退水污染及农村面源污染的研究提供一定的理论方面的基础和指导作用。本论文从以下几个方面进行研究:1)在施用不同种类肥料的情况下,施用有机肥、单效磷肥及复合肥的模拟农田系统的地表径流中总磷、可溶性总磷及可溶性磷酸盐浓度之间差距较小,不施肥的地表径流水样中各形态磷的浓度显著小于施用了肥料的。各实验模拟农田系统中地表径流总磷流失的大小为有机肥单效磷肥复合肥不施肥,可溶性总磷流失的大小为单效磷肥有机肥复合肥不施肥,可溶性磷酸盐流失的大小为单效磷肥有机肥复合肥不施肥。施用有机肥、单效磷肥及复合肥的模拟农田系统中地表径流中颗粒态磷占流失的磷的大部分。2)在施用不同种类肥料的情况下,施用有机肥、单效磷肥及复合肥的模拟农田系统底层淋溶液中总磷、可溶性总磷及可溶性磷酸盐浓度之间差距较小,不施肥的淋溶液样中各形态磷的浓度显著小于施用了肥料的。各实验模拟农田系统中淋溶液总磷流失的大小为单效磷肥有机肥复合肥不施肥,可溶性总磷流失的大小为单效磷肥有机肥复合肥不施肥,可溶性磷酸盐流失的大小为单效磷肥有机肥复合肥不施肥。各实验模拟农田系统中底层淋溶液中流失的磷中可溶性磷占大部分3)不同降雨强度条件下,模拟农田系统中地表径流中总磷、可溶性总磷及可溶性磷酸盐浓度比较,在降雨强度为50mm/h、80mm/h、100mm/h的条件下,施用有机肥的地表径流水样中各形态磷的浓度与降雨量呈正相关。地表径流总磷、可溶性总磷及可溶性磷酸盐流失规律为:第一次降雨各磷流失浓度最大,在前3次降雨时逐渐减小,第4次降雨后各组总磷流失趋于平稳。4)不同降雨强度条件下,模拟农田系统中淋溶液中总磷、可溶性总磷及可溶性磷酸盐浓度比较,在降雨强度为50mm/h、80mm/h、100mm/h的条件下,施用有机肥的淋溶液水样中各形态磷的浓度与降雨量呈正相关。淋溶液中总磷、可溶性总磷及可溶性磷酸盐流失规律为:在8次降雨中,前3次降雨淋溶液中总磷浓度逐渐增大,第4次降雨各组实验的淋溶液总磷流失最大,之后降雨总磷流失逐渐减小。
[Abstract]:In recent years, in order to achieve the goal of high yield, increase fertilizer input in agricultural production is actual, especially the application of chemical fertilizer. But a lot of chemical fertilizer, not only increased the burden of farmland soil, can also cause environmental pollution. Under natural conditions, soil phosphorus content is very low, in order to ensure the soil phosphorus the nutrient rich, usually excessive application of phosphate fertilizer. The long-term excessive application of phosphate fertilizer, phosphorus rich state will cause soil phosphorus loss, accelerated speed. After irrigation and rain erosion, a large number of phosphorus in soil into rivers, lakes and other water bodies, causing serious pollution of water bodies, aggravate the eutrophication. At present domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large number of irrigation return water pollution, there are a lot of experimental arguments in the study of soil solute movement mechanism and model, but the farmland nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in water withdrawal Further research is lack of migration matters. This experiment mainly studied in different rainfall intensity and two kinds of different kinds of fertilizer conditions, phosphorus concentration in the water residue return simulation of Chinese cabbage planting, the concentration variation, and provide a theoretic basis and guidance for the practical research in different types of fertilizers on farmland water pollution and non-point source pollution in rural areas. This paper carried out the research from the following aspects: 1) in the case of different kinds of fertilizers, organic fertilizer, phosphorus runoff simulation system of single effect of phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer in farmland, between soluble total phosphorus and soluble the phosphate concentration the smaller the gap, concentration of various phosphorus forms in surface runoff samples without fertilizer in the fertilizer application significantly less than. Simulation of surface runoff phosphorus loss in the farmland system the size of each experiment For the single effect of organic fertilizer phosphate compound fertilizer fertilizer, soluble phosphorus loss in the size of the single effect of phosphate fertilizer organic fertilizer compound fertilizer fertilizer, soluble phosphate loss size for the single effect of phosphate fertilizer organic fertilizer compound fertilizer fertilizer. Organic fertilizer,.2 most of the single effect of phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer particle surface runoff in farmland system phosphorus loss accounted for phosphorus) in the case of different kinds of fertilizers, organic fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and single effect simulation system of farmland fertilizer bottom leaching solution, soluble total phosphorus and soluble phosphate concentration the smaller the gap, the concentration of various phosphorus forms no fertilizer leaching solution in the fertilizer application significantly less than the simulation experiment of leaching solution. The phosphorus loss in the farmland system is the size of the single effect of phosphate fertilizer organic fertilizer compound fertilizer fertilizer, soluble phosphorus loss in the size of the single effect of phosphate compound fertilizer without organic fertilizer The size of the loss of soluble phosphate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer for the single effect of compound fertilizer fertilizer. The experimental simulation of soluble phosphorus loss with the underlying solution in the farmland system in P) accounted for most of the 3 different rainfall intensities, surface runoff simulation of total phosphorus in the farmland system, can compare the soluble phosphorus and soluble phosphate concentration in the rainfall intensity is 50mm/h, 80mm/h, 100mm/h, the concentration of various phosphorus forms in surface organic fertilizer runoff water samples was positively correlated with rainfall. The surface runoff of total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus and soluble phosphate loss law for the first time the largest concentration of rainfall and phosphorus loss, decreased in 3 times before the rain, fourth times the rainfall after the phosphorus loss stabilized.4) under different rainfall intensity conditions, simulation of phosphorus leaching solution in the farmland system, the comparison of soluble total phosphorus and soluble phosphate concentration in rainfall The strength of 50mm/h, 80mm/h, 100mm/h, the concentration of phosphorus leaching solution of organic fertilizer in water samples was positively correlated with rainfall. The total phosphorus leaching solution, soluble total phosphorus and soluble phosphate loss rule: in 8 rain, 3 times before the total phosphorus concentration in the leaching solution of rainfall increases gradually, leaching solution the fourth group of the total rainfall maximum loss after rainfall, the phosphorus loss decreases.

【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X712

【参考文献】