环境权益冲突研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 17:25

本文选题：环境权益 + 冲突　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类关注环境问题始于环境损害造成的生命和财产损失,随着社会多元价值的发展,环境问题的表现形式日趋复杂,演变出不同类型的冲突。本文的研究着力于广泛意义上的环境权益冲突,结合典型环境权益冲突案例,从理论研究出发探寻此类冲突的产生机理,并从立法、司法的角度提出相应的对策。针对近年来频发的群体性环境权益冲突事件,在公众参与、利益补偿方面进行了独立的论述。环境权益的范围非常广泛,不应囿于立法上的严谨范畴。与人类有关的,各种天然或经过改造的自然因素总体所承载的权利和正当利益都可归为环境权益的内容,其本质是人类的正当环境利益。所以,环境权益冲突指的是合法的或正当性的环境利益之间的冲突,实质为环境的主观价值冲突和环境的客观利益冲突,不具有违法性使其有别于传统的环境侵权,在法律适用上存在困难。以沈海俊诉机械工业第一设计研究院噪声污染责任纠纷案为切入点,结合近年频发的环境权益冲突案例,将环境权益划分为生活性环境权益与生产性环境权益两大类。通过分析两种权益之间及其内部的冲突,发现环境权益冲突的根本原因是环境资源的稀缺性、公共属性以及环境行为的负外部性。为保障公平正义、兼顾每一位环境权益主体的利益,应当构建利益补偿机制,将外部成本内部化,可以尽可能的弥补环境利益让渡带来的损失。同时,站在环境法学的立场上,立法和司法作为维护权益、协调矛盾的功能发挥亦存在疏漏,环境权益交叉的属性是立法和司法化解此类冲突的限制因素。突破环境权益交叉的限制,需要在遵循平等保护原则、个案衡量原则、克制原则和比例原则、补偿原则的基础上,通过立法对环境权益做出必要的限制和补偿规定,即以义务的形式促使冲突的一方做出适当的利益让渡并对其进行可能的补偿。同时完善以司法为中心的纠纷解决机制,充分利用环境调解在应对冲突纠纷方面的优势。由于“敏感性工程社会稳定风险事件”近年来对社会秩序造成了严重影响,针对此类事件的特殊性提出了多途径保障公众参与环境决策的应对措施。希望通过建立信息沟通制度,将公众意见纳入环评内容以及规范设施选址程序,创新选址方式的权益保障途径,可以起到缓解冲突、保障社会和谐的效果。
[Abstract]:Human concerns about environmental problems begin with the loss of life and property caused by environmental damage. With the development of social values, the forms of environmental problems are becoming more and more complex, resulting in different types of conflicts.This paper focuses on the conflict of environmental rights and interests in a wide sense. Combining with typical cases of conflicts of environmental rights and interests, this paper explores the mechanism of such conflicts from theoretical research, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures from the angle of legislation and judicature.In the light of the frequent conflicts of environmental rights and interests in recent years, this paper makes an independent discussion on public participation and interest compensation.The scope of environmental rights and interests is very wide and should not be confined to the strict scope of legislation.Related to human beings, the rights and legitimate interests carried by various natural or modified natural factors can be classified as the contents of environmental rights and interests, and their essence is the legitimate environmental interests of human beings.Therefore, the conflict of environmental rights and interests refers to the conflict between legitimate or legitimate environmental interests. In essence, it is the conflict of the subjective value of the environment and the conflict of objective interests of the environment, which is not illegal and makes it different from the traditional environmental tort.There are difficulties in the application of the law.Based on the dispute case of noise pollution liability in Shen Haijun v. the first Research Institute of Mechanical Industry, combined with the frequent cases of environmental rights conflict in recent years, the environmental rights and interests are divided into two categories: living environmental rights and productive environmental rights and interests.By analyzing the conflicts between and within the two rights and interests, it is found that the fundamental causes of the conflicts are the scarcity of environmental resources, the public attributes and the negative externalities of environmental behaviors.In order to guarantee fairness and justice and take into account the interests of each subject of environmental rights and interests, we should construct an interest compensation mechanism and internalize the external cost, which can make up for the loss caused by the transfer of environmental benefits as much as possible.At the same time, from the standpoint of environmental law, legislation and judicature, as the protection of rights and interests, and the function of coordinating contradiction also exist omissions. The overlapping attribute of environmental rights and interests is the limiting factor for legislation and judicature to resolve this kind of conflict.To break through the cross-restriction of environmental rights and interests, we need to make the necessary restrictions and compensation provisions on environmental rights and interests through legislation on the basis of following the principle of equal protection, the principle of case measurement, the principle of restraint and proportion, and the principle of compensation.In the form of obligation, the party to the conflict makes appropriate benefit assignment and possible compensation.At the same time, improve the judicial-centered dispute resolution mechanism and make full use of the advantages of environmental mediation in dealing with conflict disputes.Because the "sensitive engineering social stability risk event" has seriously affected the social order in recent years, in view of the particularity of this kind of event, the countermeasures to protect the public participation in environmental decision-making are put forward in the light of the particularity of this kind of event.It is hoped that by establishing information communication system, bringing public opinions into the content of environmental impact assessment, standardizing the procedures of location selection of facilities, and innovating the ways of protecting the rights and interests of site selection, the conflict can be alleviated and the social harmony can be ensured.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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