基于生态系统服务价值变化的和田地区生态环境与经济发展协调度分析

发布时间：2018-04-21 04:12

本文选题：和田地区 + 生态环境与经济发展　；参考：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：和田地区的经济发展水平在近些年受到国家西部大开发政策实施的影响而快速提高。与此同时,伴随人口数量逐年增加的影响,并对现有的自然资源过量开发与加速损耗,加之使用粗放型经济增长模式,使得和田地区生态环境发生了明显变化,诸如自然资源锐减、环境污染加重、生态质量变差等生态问题,这些生态环境问题在和田地区经济快速发展的过程中日渐凸显。因此探讨和田地区因土地利用方式改变而导致的生态系统服务价值发生的变化,分析和田地区生态环境与经济发展是否协调的问题,考虑和田地区经济发展的现有基础条件下,同时在保护生态环境的基本底线上,研究和田地区能否实现可持续发展等基本问题有很重要的现实意义。本文利用和田地区的各类土地利用统计数据,对和田地区土地利用数量变化及其动态度进行分析;根据谢高地等人建立的当量法,评估出和田地区各类土地利用类型所能提供的生态系统服务价值,并对其生态系统服务价值变化趋向及其价值系数敏感度进行分析与探讨;将生态与经济两个系统作为准则层,构建符合和田地区生态环境质量与经济发展水平的评价指标体系;采用廖建斌等人提出的生态环境和经济发展耦合协调度模型,结合协调度指标体系的测量分析方法、数学方法和有关的统计分析等展开运算,评估和田地区生态环境和经济发展两者间的协调度和协调发展度,并对其协调发展关系进行分析与讨论;根据吴建寨等人提出的生态与经济协调指数模型,结合计算出的生态系统服务总价值与经济发展水平指标数据,评估和田地区生态与经济协调指数,并对其协调关系进行分析与讨论。本文研究成果如下:(1)和田地区在这16年期间,由于经济发展需求而大力发展农果业经济,从而改变土地利用的方式,使得园地与耕地面积都是呈现逐年增加趋向,这些增加的面积中有不少都是占用了水源地附近的土地以及部分可以使用的未利用地,使得各种土地利用类型的面积数量变化较为明显。其中园地是增加幅度最大的一类土地利用类型,其动态度达到9.17%,即园地面积从2000年的的1.79×104 hm2增加至2015的4.26×104 hm2,增加了137.51%。(2)由于园地与耕地面积都在逐年增加,使得这部分的生态系统服务价值大幅增加,同时和田地区生态系统服务总价值每年都在上涨且增幅较大,由2000年412.943×108元增长到2015的1193.242×108元,增长了189%。其中园地提供的生态服务价值虽然在历年价值比例中占比最小的一项仅为0.3%左右,但是占比却是呈现逐年增加趋势,其生态系统服务价值由2000年1.317×108元增加至2015的8.875×108元,增长了573.88%。(3)因为经济增长需求而随意开垦土地使得原有生态系统遭到破坏,导致在经济增长的同时与生态环境之间的协调关系逐渐变差,协调度从2000年的0.999降到2015的0.396,由协调发展类变为轻度失调衰败类;而协调发展度从2000年的0.094降到2015的0.043,由极度失调衰退类环境滞后型变为濒临失调衰退类经济滞后型;而生态协调指数从0.508降到0.273,从中度协调关系演变成低度协调关系。通过对这三方面的协调关系比较,发现和田地区生态环境与经济发展的协调关系都呈现出逐年衰退的趋势,两者间协调关系变差。本文根据和田地区经济发展的基础条件,并在生态环境的保护基本底线上对和田地区经济发展提出合理对策与建议,对和田地区的生态建设制定合理计划,拟订科学的生态规划,为和田地区稳定健康的协调发展提供理论支持。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the level of economic development in Hetian area has been greatly improved by the implementation of the policy of the western development of the country in recent years. At the same time, with the increase of the population number year by year, the excessive exploitation and accelerated loss of the existing natural resources and the use of extensive mode of economic growth have made the ecological environment of the Hetian region clear. These ecological problems, such as the sharp decrease of natural resources, the aggravation of environmental pollution and the deterioration of ecological quality, are becoming increasingly prominent in the process of rapid economic development in the Hetian region. Therefore, the changes in the ecosystem service value caused by the change of land use patterns in the Hotan area, and the analysis of the field area ecology are discussed. The problem of whether the environment and the economic development are coordinated, considering the existing basic conditions of the economic development in the field area, and on the basic bottom line of protecting the ecological environment, it is of great practical significance to study the basic problems of the sustainable development of the Hotan area. The change of land use quantity and its dynamic degree are analyzed. According to the equivalent method established by Xie highland and others, the value of ecosystem services provided by various types of land use in Hetian area is evaluated, and the change trend of ecosystem service value and the sensitivity of value coefficient are analyzed and discussed, and ecology and economy are two. As a standard layer, the system is used to construct the evaluation index system of ecological environment quality and economic development level in the area of Hetian. The coupling coordination degree model of ecological environment and economic development proposed by Liao Jianbin and others, combined with the measurement and analysis method of coordination degree index system, mathematical formula and related statistical analysis are carried out, and the evaluation and analysis are carried out. The coordination and coordinated development of ecological environment and economic development in Tian area are analyzed and discussed. According to the ecological and economic coordination index model proposed by Wu Jianzhai and others, combined with the calculated data of the total value of ecosystem services and the index of economic development level, the ecological and economic development of the area is evaluated. The results of this study are as follows: (1) in the 16 year period of Hetian area, the agricultural economy is greatly developed because of the demand of economic development, and the way of land use is changed, and the area of garden land and cultivated land is increasing year by year. There are many areas in these areas. All the land near the water source and some of the unused land can be used, making the area of various types of land use change more obvious. The garden is the largest type of land use, its dynamic degree is 9.17%, that is, the garden area is increased from 1.79 x 104 hm2 in 2000 to 2015 4.26 x 104 H M2 (2) increased 137.51%. (2) because the area of garden land and cultivated land increased year by year, which made the value of ecosystem services increased greatly. At the same time, the total value of ecosystem services in Hetian area increased and increased greatly, from 412.943 x 108 yuan in 2000 to 2015 1193.242 x 108 yuan, which increased the life of 189%. in the garden. Although the state service value is only about 0.3% in the year value ratio, the proportion of its account is increasing year by year. Its ecosystem service value increases from 1.317 x 108 yuan in 2000 to 2015 8.875 x 108 yuan, increasing 573.88%. (3) because of the demand of economic growth and making the original ecosystem suffered from the original ecosystem. The coordination relationship between the economic growth and the ecological environment became worse and worse. The coordination degree decreased from 0.999 in 2000 to 0.396 of 2015, and the coordinated development class changed from 0.094 to 2015 in 2000, and from 0.094 to 2015 in 2000. The ecological coordination index has fallen from 0.508 to 0.273, from moderate coordination to a low coordination relationship. Through the comparison of the coordination relations between the three aspects, it is found that the coordination relationship between the ecological environment and the economic development in the Hotan area is declining year by year, and the coordination relationship between the two is worse. This paper is based on the Hetian region The basic conditions of economic development and the reasonable countermeasures and suggestions on the economic development of Hetian area on the basic bottom line of ecological environment protection are put forward, a reasonable plan is made to the ecological construction in the Hetian region, the scientific ecological planning is drawn up, and the theoretical support for the harmonious and healthy development of the Hetian region is provided.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F127;X22

【参考文献】