畜牧业“碳排放”到“碳足迹”核算方法的研究进展

发布时间：2018-04-21 12:30

本文选题：碳排放 + 碳足迹　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年06期

【摘要】：全球变暖趋势日益加剧,不仅影响农业可持续发展,而且威胁到人类生存。畜牧业碳排放因其在农业碳排放中乃至全球碳排放中占比较大而日益备受关注。准确核算畜牧业碳排放是制定切实可行的碳减排政策的前提,也为我国在气候变化下承担共同但有差别的减排责任提供话语权。本文基于研究范式的演进,对畜牧业碳排放到碳足迹核算方法的研究发展进行了系统梳理,研究表明,在学者的不断研究与质疑下,畜牧业碳排放到碳足迹的核算方法经历了从OECD核算法、IPCC系数法到生命周期法与投入-产出法的演变与完善,学术界认为区域异质性、养殖规模与管理方式均影响碳足迹;散养比规模化养殖产生更多的碳排放,舍饲比户外放牧排放更多的碳。畜牧业碳足迹核算能够更加全面地反映畜牧业全生命周期的碳排放情况,但由于研究假设、研究方法及研究样本等差异导致不同区域、不同畜产品的碳排放核算结果存在不确定性。运用生命周期法和投入-产出法对欧盟成员国畜牧业碳排放的核算结果基本一致,但运用IPCC系数法和全生命周期法对中国畜牧业碳排放核算中,牛、猪和羊的碳排放量排序结果不尽一致。鉴于核算结果的差异性,本研究对不同核算方法的起源、最早采用时间、特点、局限性等方面进行了归纳总结,并建议后续研究探讨基于生命周期评价的畜牧业碳足迹研究边界的延伸性,标准化畜牧业碳排放或碳足迹核算,避免学者重复核算畜牧业碳排放,以便深入展开畜牧业碳排放其他方面的研究。
[Abstract]:The trend of global warming is increasing, which not only affects the sustainable development of agriculture, but also threatens the survival of human beings. The carbon emission of animal husbandry is becoming more and more concerned because of its large amount of carbon emissions in the agricultural carbon emission and the global carbon emissions. Based on the evolution of the research paradigm, this paper systematically combs the development of the research and development of the carbon footprint calculation method of the animal husbandry carbon footprint. The research shows that, under the constant research and questioning of the scholars, the accounting method of the carbon footprint of the animal husbandry carbon footprint has gone through the OECD accounting method, I The evolution and improvement of the PCC coefficient method to the life cycle method and the input-output method, the academic circles think that the regional heterogeneity, the scale of breeding and the management mode all affect the carbon footprint, and the bulk breeding produces more carbon emissions than the scale culture, and the feeding is more carbon than the outdoors grazing. The animal husbandry carbon footprint accounting can reflect the whole animal husbandry more fully. Carbon emissions in the life cycle, but due to the research hypothesis, research methods and research samples and other differences lead to different regions, the carbon emissions of different livestock products are uncertain. Using the life cycle method and input-output method, the nuclear calculation results of the European Union member countries are basically the same, but the IPCC coefficient method and the whole method are used. The carbon emissions of cattle, pigs and sheep in the accounting of Chinese animal husbandry carbon emissions are not identical in the life cycle method. In view of the difference of accounting results, this study summarizes the origin of different accounting methods, the earliest use of time, characteristics, limitations and so on, and recommends the follow-up study to discuss the animal based on life cycle evaluation. The animal husbandry carbon footprint studies the extensibility of the border, standardized animal husbandry carbon emissions or carbon footprint accounting, so as to avoid repeated accounting for carbon emissions in animal husbandry, in order to further develop animal carbon emissions in other aspects of research.

【作者单位】：东北农业大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：黑龙江省博士后基金“黑龙江省奶牛养殖业温室气体减排综合效益评估研究”(批准号:LBH-Z14043) 黑龙江省哲学社会科学项目“粮食安全背景下两大平原粮食生产与碳排放协调发展综合评价研究”(批准号:14C038) 国家自然科学基金“婴幼儿奶粉安全信任指数对产品竞争力的影响——指标测度、关联模型构建及市场模拟”(批准号:71673042)
【分类号】：F326.3;X713

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