社会矛盾抑或认识漏洞——马克思与莱斯生态危机理论比较

发布时间：2018-04-23 06:32

本文选题：马克思 + 莱斯　；参考：《理论探讨》2017年02期

【摘要】：马克思主义的生态观建立在唯物主义历史观的基石之上,因此,在我们汲取威廉·莱斯等西方生态学马克思主义者思想资源的过程中,必须以批判的眼光审视其历史观前提,分析其与马克思在理解生态危机时的原则性差异。总体来说,马克思将生态危机的本质理解为社会矛盾,而莱斯则理解为认识漏洞。具体来说,在理解人类需要结构问题上,马克思采取了历史的态度,而莱斯采取了先验的态度;在理解商品生产扩张问题上,马克思揭示了基于阶级结构的利益博弈,而莱斯限于描述生产者与消费者在追求占有物增长方面的同谋关系;在理解生态危机化解问题上,马克思诉诸通过具体实践进行社会改造,而莱斯则侧重于从伦理道德层面呼吁人类为自己的满足设定限度以及建立自然界的独立法权。
[Abstract]:The ecological view of Marxism is based on the foundation stone of historical materialism. Therefore, in the process of absorbing the ideological resources of Western ecological Marxists such as William Rice, we must critically examine its premise of historical view. This paper analyzes the principle difference between Marx and Marx in understanding ecological crisis. Generally speaking, Marx understood the nature of ecological crisis as social contradiction, while Rice understood it as cognitive loophole. Specifically, Marx adopted a historical attitude in understanding the structure of human needs, while Rice adopted a transcendental attitude. In understanding the expansion of commodity production, Marx revealed a game of interests based on class structure. Rice is limited to describing the co-conspiratorial relationship between producers and consumers in the pursuit of the growth of possession; in understanding the problem of resolving ecological crisis Marx resorted to social transformation through concrete practice. Rice, on the other hand, focuses on calling on human beings to set limits for their own satisfaction and to establish independent legal power in nature.
【作者单位】：南京大学哲学系;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“马克思资本双重性思想及当代价值研究”(14B2X011)阶段性成果
【分类号】：X2;A81

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