检察机关提起环境公益诉讼试点改革评析

发布时间：2018-04-28 00:13

本文选题：检察机关 + 公益诉讼　；参考：《江西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：十八届四中全会后,试点地区正式开展为期两年的检察机关环境公益诉讼试点工作,探索建立“检察机关提起环境公益诉讼制度”,其旨在发挥检察机关的监督职能,督促环保行政机关积极履职,从源头上治理环境污染问题。最高人民检察院相继出台《检察机关提起公益诉讼改革试点方案》和《人民检察院提起公益诉讼试点工作实施办法》对检察机关提起公益诉讼的案件范围及诉讼顺序、立案管辖、诉前程序、举证程序等规则进行了详细的规定,为实践提供了一定的依据。从检察机关公益诉讼试点改革情况进行分析,可以看出检察机关公益诉讼试点改革在增强检察机关公益诉讼积极性、明确立案管辖规则、细化举证规则、明确诉前程序提高环保效率等方面具有进步性,明确了检察机关提起公益诉讼的主体资格,赋予了检察机关公益诉讼诉权,有助于提高检察机关诉讼积极性,明确了检察机关提起诉讼的条件和诉讼顺序,细化了地域管辖、层级管辖规则、举证规则并且引入了“专家辅助人”有效的弥补检察机关办案经验不足、专业性缺乏等问题。然而在检察机关试点改革中仍存在地方检察机关缺乏积极性、办案人员专业性缺陷、诉讼成本高、办案人力不足、诉前程序具体规则和集中管辖规则缺失等不足之处,未来需要从明确专家意见的证据地位、专家辅助人的来源、专家辅助人参加诉讼的程序完善专家辅助人制度,建立跨行政区域的集中管辖规则、细化诉前程序,如明确诉前程序中检察建议的具体内容,诉前通知的对象,明确替代性修复方式、提高检察机关办案能力、建立环境公益基金和环境公益保险制度激励机制等方面入手进一步完善检察机关公益诉讼制度。
[Abstract]:After the fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the pilot areas formally launched a two-year pilot work on environmental public interest litigation of procuratorial organs, exploring the establishment of a "system of environmental public interest litigation by procuratorial organs", which aims to give full play to the supervisory functions of procuratorial organs. Urge environmental protection administrative organs to carry out their duties actively and control environmental pollution problems from the source. The Supreme people's Procuratorate has successively promulgated the "pilot Program for the Reform of Public interest Litigation initiated by the Procuratorial organs" and the "measures for the implementation of the pilot work of the people's Procuratorate in initiating Public interest Litigation". The rules of case-filing jurisdiction, pre-suit procedure, proof procedure and so on are specified in detail, which provide some basis for practice. From the analysis of the pilot reform of public interest litigation in procuratorial organs, we can see that the pilot reform of public interest litigation of procuratorial organs enhances the enthusiasm of public interest litigation of procuratorial organs, clarifies the rules of filing cases and jurisdiction, and refines the rules of proof. It is clear that the pre-lawsuit procedure improves the environmental protection efficiency and so on. It clarifies the subject qualification of the procuratorial organ to file the public interest lawsuit, endows the procuratorial organ with the right of action in the public interest litigation, and helps to improve the procuratorial organs' enthusiasm for litigation. This paper clarifies the conditions and the order of litigation by procuratorial organs, refines the regional jurisdiction, the rules of hierarchical jurisdiction, the rules of proof, and introduces the "expert assistant" to effectively remedy the problems of the procuratorial organs' lack of experience in handling cases, lack of professionalism, and so on. However, in the pilot reform of procuratorial organs, there are still shortcomings such as the lack of enthusiasm of the local procuratorial organs, the professional defects of the case handlers, the high litigation costs, the insufficiency of the personnel handling cases, the lack of specific rules of the pre-litigation procedure and the rules of centralized jurisdiction, etc. In the future, we need to make clear the evidence status of expert opinion, the source of expert assistant, the procedure of expert assistant to participate in litigation, perfect the system of expert assistant, establish centralized jurisdiction rules across administrative region, and refine the procedure before litigation. For example, clarifying the specific contents of the procuratorial proposals in the pre-lawsuit procedure, the object of the pre-lawsuit notice, defining the alternative repair methods, and improving the procuratorial organs' ability to handle cases, The establishment of environmental public welfare funds and environmental public welfare insurance system incentive mechanism and other aspects to further improve the procuratorial organs public interest litigation system.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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