中国七大水系沉积物中典型重金属生态风险评估

发布时间：2018-04-28 10:15

本文选题：七大水系 + 沉积物　；参考：《环境科学研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：为评价国内水系重金属生态风险,根据2000—2015年国内外文献报道,选择中国七大水系——长江水系、黄河水系、辽河水系、松花江水系、海河水系、淮河水系和珠江水系的沉积物,以Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni等5种典型重金属为研究目标,对其质量分数及分布特征进行了系统分析;并利用生物效应数据库法对5种重金属的淡水水体沉积物质量基准值——TEL(临界效应浓度)和PEL(可能效应浓度)进行了更新.结果表明:Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni的新TEL分别为56.2、2.58、47.3、79.9和35.4 mg/kg,新PEL分别为141、19.6、200、461和78.6 mg/kg.七大水系以珠江水系沉积物中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni的浓度最高,海河水系和黄河水系次之,而长江水系、辽河水系、松花江水系和淮河水系沉积物中重金属浓度较低.通过比较生物效应数据库法更新的沉积物质量基准值与实际沉积物重金属浓度,评价中国重点水系沉积物生态风险所得结论与国内外研究结果基本一致.研究显示,重金属对中国七大水系沉积物的污染大多处于生态风险较小或风险不确定的水平,其中仅有1.15%~7.60%的采样点重金属生态风险较高;七大水系以珠江水系沉积物生态风险最高,其5种重金属质量分数最高,并且超过各自PEL的采样点占比在4.41%~26.8%之间;其次,海河水系沉积物也存在一定的重金属生态风险,其Cu、Zn和Ni的质量分数较高,超过各自PEL的采样点分别占14.1%、15.2%和14.8%.
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals in domestic water systems, according to the domestic and foreign literature reports from 2000 to 2015, seven major water systems in China-Yangtze River, Yellow River, Liaohe River, Songhua River, Haihe River, were selected. The mass fraction and distribution characteristics of five typical heavy metals in Huaihe River and Pearl River sediments were systematically analyzed. The data base values of sediment quality of five heavy metals, TEL (critical effect concentration) and PEL (possible effect concentration), were updated by using biological effect database method. The results show that the new TEL of the two species is 56.2 ~ 2.58 渭 g / kg and 35.4 mg / kg, respectively, and the new PEL is 141mg / kg and 78.6 mg / kg, respectively, and the new PEL is 141mg / kg, 19.6200461 and 78.6 mg / kg, respectively. The concentration of Cu ~ (2 +) CD ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) in the sediments of the Pearl River system is the highest, followed by the Haihe River system and the Yellow River system, while the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments of the Yangtze River system, the Liaohe River system, the Songhua River system and the Huaihe River system are relatively low. By comparing the standard value of sediment quality updated by the biological effect database method with the actual concentration of heavy metals in sediments, the conclusions of evaluating the ecological risk of sediments in key water systems in China are basically consistent with the results of domestic and international studies. The results show that the pollution of heavy metals to the sediments of the seven major rivers in China is mostly at the level of low or uncertain ecological risk, and only 1.15% and 7.60% of the sampling sites have higher ecological risk of heavy metals. Among the seven major water systems, the Pearl River system has the highest ecological risk, with the highest mass fraction of five heavy metals, and the percentage of sampling points exceeding their PEL is between 4.41% and 26.8%. Secondly, the sediment of Haihe River also has some ecological risk of heavy metals. The mass fraction of Cu Zn and Ni is higher than that of PEL, accounting for 15.2% and 14.8% respectively.
【作者单位】：南开大学环境科学与工程学院环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501-003-04) 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503108)
【分类号】：X824

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