大气质量评价模型和监测点位优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 04:38

本文选题：城市大气质量 + 网格化　；参考：《西安科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济水平的快速提高,城市化进程和各种产业发展日益增快,对环境的破坏也日益加重。大气质量作为可持续发展的重要组成部分也越来越受到人们的关注。大气中的污染物浓度在不断增加,影响范围也越来越大,以颗粒污染物、二氧化硫、氮氧化物等为主的城市大气污染问题日趋严重。因此,研究和分析城市大气质量综合水平是解决城市环境问题,改善城市大气质量,建设城市大气污染对策,实现环境与经济的可持续发展的首要任务。本研究主要以西安市大气质量分布状况为例,分析了西安市大气污染物的时空分布特征,建立了西安市大气质量综合评价模型,同时还对影响西安市大气质量的因素进行了分析。结果显示,2013～2016年西安市大气质量污染较为严重,处于四级重度污染水平;采暖期污染比非采暖期污染严重,主城区污染比郊区污染严重;颗粒物污染特别是细颗粒物污染相当严重。影响西安市大气质量的主要因素为工业企业废气排放、供暖废气排放、风速、机动车尾气排放、人口密度分布等。20世纪中期以来,国内外逐渐开始实施大气质量监测工作,并将监测数据对外公布,还在全国范围内进行综合排名,以便人们更方便具体的了解自己的居住环境和全国的大气质量分布状况。因此,监测点位的代表性,监测结果的真实性、可靠性便成了亟待解决的问题。本研究以西安市为例,采用多目标优化方法,对西安市大气质量监测点位进行优化,并使用约束法和层次序列化方法分别对模型求解,并将结果使用ArcGis软件在地图上显示。结果显示,该模型较为科学合理地实现了西安市大气质量监测点位的优化,两种求解方法的结果都能很好地满足西安市实际状况和模型要求,新增的4个监测点位均分别位于周至县、户县、蓝田县和高陵区内。但是采用层次序列化方法求解的结果分布相对比约束法的结果更为均匀,空间覆盖率较高,代表性较好,监测结果能很好地反映出整个西安市的大气分布状况。
[Abstract]:With the rapid improvement of our country's economic level, the process of urbanization and the development of various industries are increasing day by day, and the damage to the environment is becoming more and more serious. As an important part of sustainable development, atmospheric quality has attracted more and more attention. The concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is increasing, and the influence range is becoming larger and larger. The urban air pollution problems, such as particulate pollutants, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and so on, are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, to study and analyze the comprehensive level of urban atmospheric quality is the first task to solve urban environmental problems, improve urban air quality, build urban air pollution countermeasures and realize the sustainable development of environment and economy. Taking the distribution of air quality in Xi'an as an example, the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutants in Xi'an are analyzed, and a comprehensive evaluation model of air quality in Xi'an is established. At the same time, the factors influencing the air quality in Xi'an are analyzed. The results show that the air quality pollution in Xi'an city is more serious from 2013 to 2016, and the pollution in heating period is more serious than that in non-heating period, and the pollution in main urban area is more serious than that in suburban area, and the pollution in heating period is more serious than that in non-heating period. The pollution of particulates, especially fine particles, is quite serious. Since the middle of the 20th century, the main factors affecting the air quality of Xi'an are exhaust gas emissions from industrial enterprises, exhaust gas emissions from heating, wind speed, vehicle exhaust emissions, population density distribution, and so on. Since the middle of the 20th century, the monitoring of air quality has gradually begun to be carried out at home and abroad. And the monitoring data will be released to the public, but also in the national comprehensive ranking, so that people more convenient to understand their living environment and the distribution of national atmospheric quality. Therefore, the representativeness of monitoring points, the authenticity and reliability of monitoring results are urgent problems to be solved. Taking Xi'an city as an example, the multi-objective optimization method is used to optimize the monitoring points of air quality in Xi'an city. The model is solved by constraint method and hierarchical serialization method, and the results are displayed on the map by ArcGis software. The results show that the model can realize the optimization of air quality monitoring points in Xi'an City scientifically and reasonably, and the results of the two methods can well meet the actual situation and model requirements of Xi'an City. Four new monitoring points are located in Zhouzhi County, Huxian County, Lantian County and Gaoling area. However, the results obtained by the hierarchical serialization method are more uniform, higher spatial coverage and better representativeness than the constraint method. The monitoring results can well reflect the atmospheric distribution situation of the whole Xi'an city.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X823;X831

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