曝气强化功能菌技术对黑臭水体原位修复试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 10:15

  本文选题：黑臭水体 + 土著功能菌　； 参考：《成都理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：黑臭水体给人们带来极差的感官体验,已成为直接影响人们正常生产生活最突出的水环境问题。修复黑臭水体较常用物理和化学的方法,存在成本高,破坏水体生态环境,易引起二次污染等缺点。微生物修复技术具有污染物去除彻底、成本低、操作简单、无二次污染等优势受到人们广泛关注。实践表明,单一微生物修复技术难以达到理想的效果,组合修复技术具有更好的适应性和更佳的修复性能。为此,针对黑臭水体原位微生物修复技术需求,研究曝气强化功能菌原位修复组合技术,以期研究成果可用于城区黑臭水体修复,并在一定范围内进行推广。本研究首先从底泥中筛选出高效降解底泥有机质的土著功能菌,对土著功能菌进行鉴定,并对其降解条件和机理进行分析,最后将功能菌与曝气技术结合,根据上覆水及底泥污染物的修复效果确定合理的曝气方式,主要结论如下:(1)以成都市河道、湖泊底泥为菌源,初筛出能以黑臭底泥为碳源和能源生长的微生物64株,以黑臭底泥有机质降解率为筛选依据,从中复筛出3株对底泥有机质有高效降解能力的土著功能菌HC-8、HC-25和HC-60,经过形态学、生理生化以及16S rDNA序列分析,确定HC-8菌落形态为白色圆状,革兰氏染色阳性,氧化酶阳性,接触酶阳性,甲基红阴性,纤维素分解阴性,为食酸菌属(Acidovorax);HC-25菌落形态为淡橙色球状,革兰氏染色阳性,氧化酶阴性,接触酶阳性,甲基红阳性,纤维素分解阴性,为微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium);HC-60菌落形态为白色杆状,革兰氏染色阴性,氧化酶阴性,接触酶阳性,甲基红阴性,纤维素分解阴性,为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)。(2)试验研究了温度、pH和投加量对土著功能菌HC-60修复底泥有机质的影响,通过单因素实验初步确定降解的最适温度为25~30℃,最适pH为6~8、最适接种量为1~1.5%。在临近最大有机质降解率区域采用Box-Behnken实验设计和响应面分析法,确定土著功能菌HC-60最适降解温度为26.4℃、最适pH为7.7、最适接种量为1.2%。试验研究了氧气、土著菌群、土著功能菌HC-60在底泥有机质修复中的作用,试验表明,氧气无法直接降解底泥有机质,底泥有机质的降解是微生物的作用,土著菌群更容易利用土著功能菌HC-60代谢多环芳烃产生的小分子有机物进行协同代谢,使得底泥有机质的降解率显著提升。(3)采用曝气辅助技术强化土著功能菌来修复黑臭水体,结果表明,采用底泥曝气并投加土著功能菌HC-60,CODCr去除率增加了32.4%,NH3-N的去除率增加了21.1%,7d左右CODCr降到20mg/L,NH3-N降到10mg/L,TP降到0.2mg/L,上覆水水质明显改善,底泥有机质的降解速率提高了30%。底泥连续曝气和底泥间歇曝气的效果差异不明显,从节约能源和成本的角度来考虑,应采用底泥间歇曝气并投加土著功能菌HC-60的方式。
[Abstract]:Black and smelly water has brought people a very poor sensory experience, which has become the most prominent water environment problem that directly affects people's normal production and life. The methods of repairing black and smelly water are more common in physical and chemical methods, which have the disadvantages of high cost, destroying the ecological environment of water body and easily causing secondary pollution. Microbial remediation technology has the advantages of complete removal of pollutants, low cost, simple operation, no secondary pollution and so on. The practice shows that it is difficult to achieve ideal results by single microbial remediation technology, and the combined remediation technology has better adaptability and better repair performance. In order to meet the demand of in-situ microbial remediation of black-smelly water, the combined technology of in-situ remediation of aeration enhanced functional bacteria was studied in order to be applied to the restoration of black-smelly water in urban areas and to be popularized to a certain extent. In this study, first of all, the indigenous functional bacteria were screened out from the sediment to degrade organic matter efficiently, and the indigenous functional bacteria were identified, and the degradation conditions and mechanism were analyzed. Finally, the functional bacteria were combined with aeration technology. According to the remediation effect of pollutants from overlying water and sediment, a reasonable aeration mode was determined. The main conclusions were as follows: 1) 64 microbes that could grow from black sediment as carbon source and energy source were initially screened using Chengdu river and lake sediment as bacteria source. Based on the degradation rate of organic matter in black and smelly sediment, three strains of native functional bacteria HC-8 HC-25 and HC-60 with high degradation ability to organic matter in sediment were screened from the medium. The results were analyzed by morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis and 16s rDNA sequence analysis. The colony morphology of HC-8 was white round, Gram-positive, Oxidase positive, contact enzyme positive, methyl-red negative, cellulose decomposition negative, Acidovoraxaxon HC-25 colony morphology of Acidovoraxanum HC-25 as light orange sphere, Gram staining positive. Negative for oxidase, positive for contact enzyme, positive for methyl red, negative for cellulose decomposition. The colony morphology of Exiguobacterium teriumum HC-60 is white rod, gram staining negative, oxidase negative, contact enzyme positive, methyl red negative, cellulose decomposition negative. For Acinetobacter. 2), the effects of pH and dosage of temperature and pH on the remediation of organic matter in sediment by indigenous functional bacteria HC-60 were studied. The optimum temperature of degradation was 2530 鈩，

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