一种同时处理垃圾渗滤液与酸性矿山废水的工艺研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 08:52

本文选题：垃圾渗滤液 + 酸性矿山废水　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国生活垃圾的产量随着城市化的进程而日益增加,目前中小城市生活垃圾的处置仍以卫生填埋为主,而垃圾填埋场产生的垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂的含有大量难降解高分子化合物的高浓度有机废水,其典型特征为COD浓度高、金属和氨氮含量较高、水质水量变化大、微生物营养元素比例失调等。另一方面,我国不少矿山分布在中小城市,采矿和选矿过程产生的矿山酸性废水是一种含有高浓度硫酸盐与金属离子的工业废水。目前,上述两种高浓度废水的处理均是行业难题,亟需寻求技术突破与创新。根据我国目前中小资源型矿山城市的特点,基于马鞍山市向山尾矿库上垃圾填埋场与凹山酸水库的现状,本文提出将酸性矿山废水与垃圾渗滤液混合处理,实现COD、硫酸盐、氨氮与金属离子的同时有效去除。本文分别探索了利用厌氧-缺氧/好氧组合工艺(A~2/O)与上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)工艺的处理过程,主要得到以下结论:(1)将垃圾渗滤液与酸性矿山废水以m(COD)/m(SO_4~(2-))为3的比例配制调节废水,进入A~2/O系统进行处理。A~2/O连续运行450天,基本能够实现COD、硫酸根、氨氮、金属离子等污染物的稳定高效去除。COD去除率达到98%以上,硫酸根去除率约为91%,氨氮去除率高达99.6%。进水负荷的改变对反应系统运行初期有一定的影响,稳定后COD、硫酸根与氨氮的去除率分别在98%、90%与99%以上。(2)稳定的A~2/O系统中,厌氧反应器内的主要功能细菌由18.2%的水解菌属,40.91%的产酸菌属与26.33%硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)组成。古菌中以乙酸营养型产甲烷菌为主。Thauera和Thiobacillus等菌属是缺氧/好氧系统中脱氮的主要功能菌。在整个系统中,不同微生物互利共生,通过协同作用去除污染物,并形成一个相对稳态的微生物群落结构。(3)利用稳定成熟的厌氧颗粒污泥直接接种UASB反应器能够减少反应器的启动时间。启动阶段混合废水中m(COD)/m(SO_4~(2-))比值为3,稳定后COD与硫酸根去除率分别能达到72%与69%。COD与硫酸盐负荷分别提高至1680 g·m~(-3)·d~(-1)和560 g·m~(-3)·d~(-1),COD与硫酸根去除率分别达到75%与72%。进一步提高进水硫酸盐负荷至840 g·m~(-3)·d~(-1),UASB对COD与硫酸根的去除率分别能达到81%与76.5%。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, the output of domestic refuse in China is increasing day by day. At present, sanitary landfill is still the main disposal of MSW in small and medium-sized cities. The landfill leachate is a kind of high concentration organic wastewater with complex composition, which contains a large number of refractory polymer compounds. Its typical characteristics are high concentration of COD, high content of metal and ammonia nitrogen, and great change of water quality and quantity. The proportion of nutrient elements of microorganism is unbalance and so on. On the other hand, many mines in China are distributed in small and medium-sized cities. Mine acid wastewater from mining and dressing process is a kind of industrial wastewater containing high concentration of sulfate and metal ions. At present, the treatment of these two kinds of high concentration wastewater is a difficult problem in the industry, and it is urgent to seek technical breakthrough and innovation. According to the characteristics of medium and small resource-type mine cities in China, based on the current situation of waste landfill and Aoshan acid reservoir in Xiangshan tailings reservoir of Maanshan City, this paper puts forward the mixed treatment of acid mine wastewater and landfill leachate to realize COD, sulfate. Ammonia nitrogen and metal ions are effectively removed at the same time. In this paper, the treatment process of anaerobic anoxic / aerobic combined process (An 2 / O) and upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB) has been explored. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) mixing the landfill leachate with acid mine wastewater at a ratio of 3 / mCOD- / mSSO4 / 2), and entering the A0 / 2 / O system to treat .A0 / 2 / O for 450 consecutive days, basically realizing COD, sulfate, ammonia nitrogen, The removal rate of COD, sulfate, ammonia nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were over 98%, 91% and 99.6%, respectively. The change of influent load has a certain effect on the initial stage of operation of the reaction system. After stabilization, the removal rates of COD, sulfate and ammonia nitrogen are 98% 90% and more than 99% respectively. The main functional bacteria in the anaerobic reactor consisted of 18.2% hydrolytic bacteria, 40.91% acidogenic bacteria and 26.33% sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Among the ancient bacteria, acetic acid trophic methanogenic bacteria. Thauera and Thiobacillus are the main denitrifying bacteria in anoxic / aerobic system. Throughout the system, different microbes are symbiotic to each other, removing pollutants through synergy, The formation of a relatively stable microbial community structure. 3) using stable and mature anaerobic granular sludge directly inoculated with UASB reactor can reduce the start-up time of the reactor. The ratio of mCOD- / mSO4- ~ (2 -) was 3, and the removal rates of COD and sulphate reached 72% and 1680 g / m ~ (-3) DU ~ (-1) and 560g / m ~ (-1) d ~ (-1) respectively. The removal rates of COD and sulfate reached 75% and 72% respectively. The removal rate of COD and sulfate can reach 81% and 76. 5% respectively.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

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