位山灌区氮磷的利用特征及污染风险分析

发布时间：2018-05-07 20:13

本文选题：位山灌区 + 农业面源污染　；参考：《济南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会生产力水平和经济水平的高速发展,我国农业发展水平也在迅猛提高,与此同时农业活动引起的农业面源污染问题也日趋严重和显露,其中农业施肥中氮、磷元素的流失是造成农业面源污染的主要原因。因此,为了弄清作物对氮、磷元素的利用特征及对地下水污染风险性,本文以山东省聊城位山灌区为研究对象,通过对不同水肥处理农作物产量及氮、磷利用率的研究分析,得出最佳水肥处理。通过查阅相关资料,运用PNPI方法对研究区域地下水、土壤污染风险性进行相关分析,结合GIS技术对研究区域不同区划地下水、土壤污染风险性进行矢量构图,形成更为直观的污染风险性分区图,为当地相关部门建立有效的防范面源污染体系提供了合理建议和科学依据。本文主要结论有以下几点:(1)通过田间测坑实验,结果表明:在冬小麦的生长期研究土层氮素的变化特征是返青~拔节期浓度较高,抽穗~灌浆期浓度较低,乳熟期浓度上升;夏玉米生长过程研究土层氮素幼苗期~拔节期浓度较小,抽雄~乳熟期浓度逐渐提高。磷素的变化特征不明显,0~40cm浅层土壤是主要的分布区。(2)通过实验得出总氮的淋失量为18.45~32.4kg/hm~2,总磷的淋失量为0.281~0.378kg/hm~2;冬小麦氮磷元素的利用率分别为16.9%~36.5%、10.87%~18.18%;夏玉米氮磷元素的利用率分别为21.35%~40.76%、7.34%~14.09%。(3)根据不同水肥处理农作物的产量及氮磷利用率,得出最佳的水肥处理:对冬小麦做中水中肥处理,对夏玉米进行低水低肥处理。(4)主要采用了PNPI方法和GIS技术对研究区域内地下水及土壤污染风险性进行分析评估,研究结果显示:灌区地下水污染风险值由东南向西北、东北向西南逐渐降低,土壤污染风险值整体呈现由东南至西北逐渐升高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social productivity and economic level, the level of agricultural development in China is also increasing rapidly. At the same time, the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by agricultural activities is becoming more and more serious and exposed, among which nitrogen is applied in agricultural fertilization. Phosphorus loss is the main cause of agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, in order to find out the characteristics of crop utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus and the risk of groundwater pollution, this paper studied the yield of crops and the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in different water and fertilizer treatments, taking Liaocheng Yishan Irrigation District of Shandong Province as the research object. Get the best treatment of water and fertilizer. By referring to relevant data, using PNPI method to analyze the risk of groundwater and soil pollution in the study area, combining with GIS technology, vector composition of groundwater and soil pollution risk in different regions of the study area was carried out. The formation of a more intuitive pollution risk zoning map provides reasonable advice and scientific basis for the establishment of an effective non-point source pollution prevention system for the local departments concerned. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) through the field pit test, the results show that the characteristics of soil nitrogen change in winter wheat growing period are higher concentration in the stage of returning green to jointing, lower concentration in heading to filling stage, and higher concentration in milk-ripening stage. Study on the growth process of Summer Maize the concentration of nitrogen in soil layer from seedling stage to jointing stage was small and the concentration of nitrogen increased gradually from heading to milking stage. Through experiment, the leaching amount of total nitrogen is 18.45 ~ 32.4 kg 路hm ~ (2), total phosphorus leaching is 0.281 ~ 0.378 kg / hm ~ (2), the utilization ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in winter wheat is 16.9 ~ 36.56.50.87 ~ 10.87 ~ 18.18; the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization ratio of winter wheat is 16.9nb ~ 36.5m ~ (10.87) ~ 10.87 ~ 18.18 ~ (th), and the total nitrogen and phosphorus loss is 18.45 ~ 32.4 kg / hm ~ (-2), 0.281 ~ 0.378 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2) ~ (-1) respectively. The yield of crops treated with different water and fertilizer and the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus were 21.35% and 7.34% and 14.09%, respectively. The results showed that the best water and fertilizer treatment: middle water fertilizer treatment for winter wheat and low water and low fertilizer treatment for summer maize. The PNPI method and GIS technique were mainly used to analyze and evaluate the risk of groundwater and soil pollution in the study area. The results showed that the groundwater pollution risk value of irrigation area decreased gradually from southeast to northwest, northeast to southwest, and soil pollution risk value increased gradually from southeast to northwest.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X523;X53;X820.4

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