完善我国土壤环境质量调查法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 02:34

本文选题：土壤 + 环境质量调查　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：土壤环境质量调查制度是指环境保护主管部门自行或者委托评估机构依据相关土壤环境质量标准和技术方法,理解、计算土壤容纳、吸收和降解各种环境污染物能力的原则和规则总称。土壤环境质量的调查过程包括:初步调查、安全评估和分级认定。土壤环境质量调查有利于了解土壤基本状况,为土壤保护工作提供依据。此外,该项调查也践行了预防原则和谨慎原则,为环境质量目标责任制、公众参与以及原因者负担理论奠定基础。当前,我国土壤环境质量调查制度面临着法律规范不足、环境质量标准滞后、执行机制缺位以及法律责任认定与追究乏力的诸多问题。这些问题的存在即土壤环境质量调查制度的不完善容易导致许多问题,例如:土壤污染监管不力、土壤污染责任者认定困难、法律责任追究艰难土壤污染治理与修复也不易。美国、日本以及我国台湾地区为我国土壤环境质量调查制度的完善提供了有益的制度借鉴。根据我国目前的客观实际情况,参考域外立法经验,综合理论分析和实证研究成果,可以从四个方面完善土壤环境质量调查制度:首先是明确该项调查的相关主体以及法律程序;其次是规定土壤环境质量档案的编制主体及其主要内容;再次是需要明确土壤环境质量调查数据的保管、信息公开以及纠纷的处理;最后是要规定该项调查相关的法律责任。
[Abstract]:The system of soil environmental quality investigation means that the competent department of environmental protection shall, on its own or by entrusting an evaluation agency, understand and calculate the soil accommodation according to the relevant soil environmental quality standards and technical methods, Principles and rules for the ability to absorb and degrade various environmental pollutants. The investigation process of soil environmental quality includes preliminary investigation, safety assessment and classification. The investigation of soil environmental quality is helpful to understand the basic condition of soil and provide the basis for soil protection. In addition, the survey also practices the precautionary principle and the precautionary principle, laying the foundation for environmental quality objective accountability, public participation and the theory of the burden of the cause. At present, the investigation system of soil environmental quality in China is faced with many problems, such as insufficient legal norms, lag of environmental quality standards, absence of execution mechanism, and lack of legal responsibility. The existence of these problems, that is, the imperfection of the investigation system of soil environmental quality, can easily lead to many problems, such as the weak supervision of soil pollution, the difficulty of determining the responsibility of soil pollution, and the difficulty of legal liability investigation for soil pollution treatment and remediation. The United States, Japan and Taiwan provide useful reference for the improvement of soil environmental quality investigation system in China. According to the actual situation of our country at present, referring to the experience of foreign legislation, synthesizing the theoretical analysis and empirical research results, The investigation system of soil environmental quality can be improved from four aspects: firstly, the relevant subjects and legal procedures of the investigation should be clarified; secondly, the main body and main contents of the compilation of soil environmental quality archives should be stipulated. Thirdly, it is necessary to clarify the preservation of soil environmental quality survey data, the disclosure of information and the handling of disputes; finally, the legal liability related to the investigation should be stipulated.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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