持久性有机污染物在水生食物网中的传递行为

发布时间：2018-05-12 19:16

  本文选题：持久性有机污染物 + 传递行为　； 参考：《生态学报》2017年09期

【摘要】：食物网是持久性有机污染物(POPs)在水生生态系统中传递的重要途径,了解其传递行为与机制是POPs生态暴露风险评价的科学基础。从4个方面展开了讨论和分析:(1)食物网主要特征(营养级和食物链长度)与POPs环境行为的关系;(2)POPs在底栖及底栖-浮游耦合食物网中的环境行为;(3)微食物网对POPs环境行为的作用;(4)食物网的变化对POPs环境行为的影响。主要结论如下:(1)已有研究对水生生物中POPs生物放大作用存在较大争议。一般营养级越高,POPs生物富集性越强,但由于各种生态和生理性质的影响,也存在例外情况。食物链长度与POPs生物富集性呈正相关。(2)POPs通过底栖食物网将沉积物中的POPs向上传递,底栖-浮游食物网的耦合提高了高营养级消费者的暴露风险,目前就POPs在底栖食物网中的生物放大性是否大于浮游食物网存在争议。(3)微生物具有较大的比表面积,是吸附POPs的重要载体。另,沉积物中的微生物通过分解有机质,将POPs释放到水柱中。微生物降解也是环境中POPs脱离环境的重要途径。(4)在内、外压力下,食物网结构和功能发生变化,使物质和能量的传递方向和效率发生改变,并与环境理化性质的变化互相耦合,影响POPs的环境行为。当前研究的重点多集中在POPs在浮游食物网,尤其是高营养级浮游食物网中的环境行为,对POPs在底栖及底栖-浮游耦合食物网和微食物网中环境行为的研究相对缺乏。有关POPs在食物网中环境行为的研究多集中在食物网的某个部分,时间尺度较短,缺乏对POPs环境行为动态变化的研究,未来需深入开展多尺度和多角度的POPs在食物网中环境行为的动态变化研究。新型POPs的生产和使用量不断增加,但有关其在食物网中环境行为的相关分析还较为匮乏,需加强研究。
[Abstract]:Food web is an important way to transfer persistent organic pollutant (pops) in aquatic ecosystem. Understanding its transmission behavior and mechanism is the scientific basis of POPs ecological exposure risk assessment. The relationship between the main characteristics of the food web (nutritional grade and food chain length) and the environmental behavior of POPs were discussed and analyzed from four aspects. The environmental behavior of POPs in benthos and benthic-zooplankton coupling food webs was discussed and analyzed. The effect of food web on the environmental behavior of POPs. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the effect of POPs biomagnification in aquatic organisms has been controversial. The higher the nutrient level is, the stronger the bioaccumulation of pops is, but there are some exceptions due to the influence of various ecological and physiological properties. There was a positive correlation between the length of food chain and the bioconcentration of POPs. The POPs in sediment was transported upward through the benthic food web, and the coupling of benthic and planktonic food web increased the exposure risk of high nutritious consumers. At present, there is a dispute on whether the biomagnification of POPs in benthic food webs is greater than that of planktonic food webs. The microorganism has a larger specific surface area and is an important carrier for POPs adsorption. In addition, microbes in sediments release POPs into water column by decomposing organic matter. Microbial degradation is also an important way for POPs to get out of the environment. Under external pressure, the structure and function of food web changes, which changes the direction and efficiency of substance and energy transfer, and is coupled with the change of physical and chemical properties of environment. Affect the environmental behavior of POPs. The current research focuses on the environmental behavior of POPs in the zooplankton food web, especially in the high nutritious food web. The study on the environmental behavior of POPs in the benthos and benthic-zooplankton coupling food web and microfood web is relatively lacking. The study on the environmental behavior of POPs in the food web is mainly focused on some part of the food web, and the time scale is relatively short, and the study on the dynamic changes of the environmental behavior of POPs is lacking. In the future, the dynamic changes of environmental behavior of multi-scale and multi-angle POPs in food web should be further studied. The production and use of new POPs is increasing, but the analysis of its environmental behavior in food web is still scarce, so it needs to be studied.
【作者单位】： 北京大学环境科学与工程学院水沙科学教育部重点实验室;北京大学城市与环境学院地球表面过程教育部重点实验室;中国科学院水生生物研究所;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB458900)
【分类号】：X171

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