沈阳市道路机动车污染排放清单的建立及控制对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 11:07

本文选题：机动车 + 排放清单　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年,随着我国社会经济的不断发展以及人均收入水平的逐步提升,民众对于交通方面的需求也有所提升,这直接导致机动车保有量不断攀升,使得机动车污染成为我国空气污染的重要来源之一。在此背景下,建立机动车污染物排放清单,研究机动车污染物的排放特征,设定不同减排情景并分析其各自情景下的减排效果,成为控制机动车污染和改善环境空气质量的重要手段。沈阳市是我国东北地区重要的经济文化交流中心和交通枢纽,同时当地居民对于机动车的需求也处在不断增长的状态,因此将沈阳市作为本研究的案例城市。本研究以沈阳市机动车排放的污染物为研究对象,基于机动车主要污染物排放量的计算方法,识别与修正机动车各主要污染物的排放因子,同时结合沈阳市实际调研信息,建立2013年沈阳市机动车主要污染物的排放清单,从而进一步进行了未来几年不同减排情景的设置,对机动车污染物的减排潜力进行了分析,并提出了有关机动车污染物减排的建议,为机动车污染物对区域环境空气质量的影响评估、机动车污染控制及减排措施的制定提供了科学依据。研究结果显示,2013年沈阳市机动车排放的主要污染物CO、HC、NOx和PM的总量分别为128500.4 t、32104.8 t、44206.3 t和1992.8 t。小型客车和出租车对CO和HC的排放贡献率最大,而重型货车和轻型货车则是NOx和PM的重点排放源。沈阳市机动车所产生的污染物主要来自于汽油车和柴油车的排放,而新能源机动车的排放的污染物的量特别少,汽油车对污染物CO和HC的排放起到了至关重要的作用,而柴油车是NOx和PM的重点排放源。通过研究机动车污染物的空间排放特征发现,沈阳市机动车污染物排放空间分布相对比较集中,机动车排放的各污染物二环以内排放量占总量的70%以上。预计到2017年,沈阳市机动车保有量将达到215万辆左右。针对设定的三种减排情景研究结果表明:如果加快淘汰黄标车的君度,污染物CO和PM会明显减少,而HC和NOx会有一定程度的增加;如果在加快淘汰黄标车的同时提高机动车燃油油品的质量,污染物CO、HC、NOx和PM都会有显著的减少;如果在加快淘汰黄标车的同时提高机动车燃油油品的质量,还继续积极发展新能源机动车,那么四种污染物会得到进一步的削减。所以,执行高的污染物排放标准、加快淘汰高排放车量、提高燃油油品质量和积极推广发展新型能源机动车等措施对于减少机动车污染物的排放具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of China's social economy and the gradual improvement of the level of per capita income, the demand for traffic has also been improved, which directly leads to the increasing number of motor vehicles, which makes the vehicle pollution an important source of air pollution in China. In this context, the emission of vehicle pollutants is established. It is an important means to control motor vehicle pollution and improve the environmental air quality. Shenyang is an important economic and cultural exchange center and transportation hub in Northeast China, and the local residents are for motor vehicles. The demand is also in the state of continuous growth, so Shenyang is taken as a case city of this study. This study takes the pollutants emitted by motor vehicles in Shenyang as the research object. Based on the calculation method of the main pollutant emission of motor vehicles, the paper identifies and corrections the emission factors of the main pollutants of the motor vehicles, and combines the actual investigation letter of Shenyang. The emission list of major pollutants in Shenyang in 2013 was set up, and the setting of different emission reduction scenarios in the next few years was further carried out. The potential of emission reduction for motor vehicle pollutants was analyzed, and some suggestions on the emission reduction of vehicle pollutants were put forward to evaluate the impact of motor vehicle pollutants on the air quality in the regional environment. The results of motor vehicle pollution control and emission reduction measures provide scientific basis. The results show that the total amount of CO, HC, NOx and PM in Shenyang in 2013 is 128500.4 T, 32104.8 T, 44206.3 T and 1992.8 T. minibus and taxis have the greatest contribution to CO and HC, and heavy truck and light truck. It is the key source of NOx and PM emissions. The pollutants produced by motor vehicles in Shenyang mainly come from the emission of gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles, and the emission of new energy vehicles is very small. The gasoline vehicle plays a vital role in the emission of pollutants CO and HC, and the diesel vehicle is the focal source of NOx and PM. The spatial emission characteristics of vehicle pollutants found that the spatial distribution of vehicle emission in Shenyang was relatively concentrated, and the emission of each pollutant in the second ring of motor vehicles accounted for more than 70% of the total. It is expected that in 2017, the number of motor vehicles in Shenyang will reach 2 million 150 thousand left right. For the set of three kinds of emission reduction scenarios The results show that the CO and PM will decrease significantly, and the HC and NOx will increase to a certain extent, and the CO, HC, NOx and PM of the pollutants will be significantly reduced if we accelerate the elimination of the yellow mark cars and improve the quality of the vehicle fuel oil. The quality of oil products will continue to actively develop new energy vehicles, then the four kinds of pollutants will be further reduced. Therefore, the implementation of high pollutant discharge standards, accelerating the elimination of high emission vehicles, improving the quality of fuel oil products and actively promoting the development of new energy vehicles are important to reduce the emission of vehicle pollutants. The realistic meaning of it.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X734.2

【参考文献】