采用冲击式破碎—水力分选法从废旧铅蓄电池中回收铅膏研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 16:52

本文选题：废旧铅酸蓄电池 + 水力分选　；参考：《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：铅酸蓄电池化学性质稳定,储电性能好,物美价廉,是电动车、汽车上使用最广泛的电池。由于铅酸蓄电池具有一定的生命周期,形成废旧铅酸蓄电池,容易引发环境污染问题。另一方面,废旧铅蓄电池中大部分有价资源如铅膏、板栅、塑料可以再生,具有非常高的回收利用价值。废旧铅蓄电池主要由阳极板、阴极板、电解液、隔板、电极、上盖、槽体、汇流条等部分组成,外裹韧而脆的塑料,因而传统的矿物加工破碎方法难于有效破碎。通过研究废旧铅蓄电池的抗压、抗拉、抗弯和抗冲击破碎力学特征分析,在冲击能量很小的情况下,废旧铅蓄电池就表征出了很好的破碎效果。因而本论文采用湿式冲击式破碎机对废旧铅蓄电池进行破碎,影响因素主要涉及到破碎腔内锤头组数、破碎时间、进水量,当破碎时间为20s、给水量为250L/h、锤头组数为2组情况下,废旧铅蓄电池得到充分破碎。破碎产物具有分形特征,塑料呈片状、板栅呈条状、铅膏呈粒状。筛分结果表明,铅膏绝大部分分布于-2.2mm粒级中。对冲击式破碎设备的破碎产物,采用研制的水介质分选器回收铅膏,效果明显。利用Fluent软件对分选器内流场进行模拟,确定了给水方式以及适宜分选的流量范围。当采用顶部加水时,适宜分选的流量为12m3/h,有利于铅膏的分离。实验室破碎-分选全流程结果表明,当流量为12m3/h,进水方式为顶部进水条件下,最终铅膏的产率为73.34%、回收率为97.97%。铅膏产品中板栅和塑料占有率分别为0.22%和0.28%,实现了铅膏的高效回收。
[Abstract]:Lead-acid batteries are the most widely used batteries in electric vehicles, due to their stable chemical properties, good storage performance and low price. Since lead acid batteries have a certain life cycle, it is easy to cause environmental pollution due to the formation of waste lead acid batteries. On the other hand, most valuable resources in waste lead batteries such as plaster, grid, plastic can be regenerated and have very high recycling value. The waste lead battery is mainly composed of anode plate, cathode plate, electrolyte, partition board, electrode, upper cover, tank body, confluence bar and so on. The waste lead battery is wrapped in tough and brittle plastic, so the traditional method of mineral processing and crushing is difficult to break effectively. By studying the mechanical characteristics of pressure, tension, bending and impact crushing of waste lead batteries, a good crushing effect is obtained when the impact energy is very small. In this paper, a wet impact crusher is used to crush used lead-acid batteries. The main influencing factors are the number of hammers in the chamber, the time of crushing and the water intake. When the crushing time is 20 s, the water supply is 250 L / h, the hammer group is 2 groups. The waste lead battery was fully broken. The broken product has fractal character, plastic is flake, grid is strip, lead paste is granular. The results of screening showed that the lead paste was mostly distributed in -2.2 mm particle size. For the crushing products of impact crushing equipment, using the developed water separator to recover lead paste, the effect is obvious. The flow field in the separator is simulated by Fluent software, and the water supply mode and the suitable separation flow range are determined. When the top water is added, the suitable separation flow rate is 12m3 / h, which is favorable to the separation of lead paste. The results show that when the flow rate is 12m3 / h, the final lead paste yield is 73.34 and the recovery is 97.97 when the flow rate is 12m3 / h and the influent mode is the top influent. The grid and plastic occupied 0.22% and 0.28%, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X705

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