重力流塔式生物滤池处理农村生活污水研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 20:17

本文选题：农村生活污水 + 重力流塔式生物滤池　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村生活污水已成为各大流域面源污染的主要来源之一。建设“美丽中国”从建设“美丽乡村”开始,农村生活污水无序排放导致水生态污染,治理迫在眉睫。因为农村生活污水具备无序排放、水量小、波动大且相对分散等特点,宜开发采用高效率、低耗能、低成本、易管理和易操作的农村生活污水处理工艺技术。基于农村地区的污水特点和经济水平,本研究以云南某农村生活污水为研究对象,采用聚丙烯塑料球为填料,利用自行设计的重力流塔式生物滤池进行处理,研究了不同水质浓度的挂膜特性,分别探讨了工艺稳定运行期间整个系统及不同滤层对特征污染物的去除效率与特性。试验结果显示:本试验启动采用自然挂膜方式,正常浓度进水挂膜成熟所需时间比低浓度进水挂膜所需时间短,分别为36天和48天;正常浓度进水挂膜生物膜活性略高于低浓度进水挂膜,代表微生物膜活性的指标VSS/SS分别为0.7和0.64,但并无显著差异;正常浓度进水挂膜期间塔式生物滤池对各污染物的平均去除率均高于低浓度进水挂膜期间的去除率,但出水中各污染物的平均浓度也高于低浓度进水挂膜期间的出水平均浓度。塔式生物滤池稳定运行期间,在水力负荷14.5m3/(m2·d),水力停留时间2.45h条件下,对SS、NH4+-N、TN、BOD5和CODCr,平均去除率分别可达91.5%、68.6%、63.7%、93.0%和 87.0%,对应的出水浓度分别为 17.92mg/L、8.2mg/L、13.3mg/L、12.6 mg/L和36.4 mg/L。以上各项指标均在《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级B类标准范围内;但总磷的去除率仅为68.7%,出水平均浓度为1.75mg/L,符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)二级标准。同一工况下,塔式生物滤池不同滤料层对污染物的去除效果存在差异。塔式生物滤池根据滤层分布对BOD5、CODCr、TP的去除率逐层下降,而对TN和NH4+-N的去除率逐层升高。分析结果表明,滤池对CODCr、BOD5和TP的去除主要发生在滤池的第一滤料层、第二滤料层、第三滤料层,而对的TN和NH4+-N去除则主要发生在滤池的第四滤料层。塔式生物滤池根据滤层分布对BOD5、CODCr、TP的去除率逐层下降,而对TN和NH4+-N的去除率逐层升高。分析结果表明,滤层1至滤层3对CODCr的去除率分别在30.0%、24.0%、20.0%以上;滤层1至滤层3对BOD5的去除率分别在33.0%、25.0%、22.0%以上;滤层1至滤层3对TP的去除率分别在20.0%、18.0%、15.0%以上。而塔式生物滤池对的TN和NH4+-N去除则主要发生在滤池的下部,滤层4对TN的去除率在20%以上;滤层4对NH4+-N在19.5%以上。塔式生物滤池具有较好的抗冲击负荷能力,在污染负荷波动下,对污染物去除率依然能够保持稳定,特别是对CODCr、BOD5和SS的去除率。塔式生物滤池适用于农村生活污水的净化处理,特别对山地和丘陵地区的分散型农村污水处理,该技术具有特别明显的优势,值得应用和推广。
[Abstract]:Rural domestic sewage has become one of the main sources of non-point source pollution. The construction of "beautiful China" begins with the construction of "beautiful countryside". The disorderly discharge of rural domestic sewage leads to water ecological pollution. Because the rural domestic sewage has the characteristics of disorderly discharge, small water quantity, large fluctuation and relative dispersion, it is suitable to develop and adopt the rural domestic sewage treatment technology which is high efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost, easy to manage and easy to operate. Based on the characteristics and economic level of sewage in rural areas, a rural sewage in Yunnan Province was studied in this paper. Polypropylene plastic ball was used as filler and gravity flow tower biofilter designed by ourselves was used to treat the wastewater. The characteristics of suspended membrane with different water concentration were studied, and the removal efficiency and characteristics of characteristic pollutants in the whole system and different filter layers during the stable operation of the process were discussed respectively. The test results showed that the maturation time of normal influent membrane was shorter than that of low concentration influent membrane, which was 36 days and 48 days, respectively. The biofilm activity of normal concentration influent membrane was slightly higher than that of low concentration influent membrane. The index VSS/SS representing microbial membrane activity was 0. 7 and 0. 64 respectively, but there was no significant difference. The average removal rate of each pollutant in the tower biofilter was higher than that in the low concentration influent membrane period, but the average concentration of each pollutant in the effluent was also higher than that in the low concentration influent membrane period. During the steady operation of the tower biofilter, under the condition of hydraulic loading of 14.5m3/(m2 DU and HRT of 2.45 h, the average removal rates of SSN NH4 -NNU TNBOD5 and CODCrwere 91.5% 68.6% and 63.7% and 87.0%, respectively. The corresponding effluent concentrations were 17.92 mg / L 8.2 mg / L 13.3 mg / L 12.6 mg/L and 36.4 mg / L respectively. All the above indexes are within the first class B standard of "Standard for pollutant discharge in municipal wastewater treatment plants" (GB 18918-2002). However, the removal rate of total phosphorus is only 68.7 and the average effluent concentration is 1.75 mg / L, which is in accordance with the second class standard (GB 18918-2002). Under the same condition, the removal efficiency of pollutants in different filter media layers of tower biofilter is different. The removal rate of BOD5CODCr-TP in tower biofilter decreased layer by layer, but the removal rate of TN and NH4 -N increased layer by layer according to the filter layer distribution. The results show that the removal of COD rn BOD5 and TP mainly occurs in the first filter media layer, the second filter media layer, the third filter media layer, and the TN and NH4 N removal mainly occurs in the fourth filter media layer. The removal rate of BOD5CODCr-TP in tower biofilter decreased layer by layer, but the removal rate of TN and NH4 -N increased layer by layer according to the filter layer distribution. The results showed that the removal rates of CODCr from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 were more than 20.0%, the removal rate of BOD5 from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 were more than 33.025.0%, and the removal rate of TP from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 were more than 20.018.00.0.The results showed that the removal rate of CODCr from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 was more than 20.018.00.The removal rate of BOD5 from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 was more than 22.0%, and the removal rate of TP from filter layer 1 to filter layer 3 was more than 20.018.015.0%. The removal of TN and NH4-N in the tower biofilter was mainly in the lower part of the filter, the removal rate of TN from filter layer 4 was above 20%, and the removal rate of TN from filter layer 4 from NH4-N was more than 19. 5%. The tower biofilter has better anti-shock load capability, and the removal rate of pollutants can be kept stable under the fluctuation of pollution load, especially the removal rate of CODCr-BOD5 and SS. The tower biofilter is suitable for the treatment of rural domestic sewage, especially for the decentralized treatment of rural sewage in mountainous and hilly areas. This technology has obvious advantages and deserves to be applied and popularized.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X799.3

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