嘉陵江下游周丛藻类调查及河流生态完整性评价

发布时间：2018-05-15 19:10

本文选题：嘉陵江下游 + 人工基质　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：采用人工基质法,于2015年8月至2016年7月对嘉陵江下游4个断面及作为对照的中游一个断面的周丛藻类进行了调查。基于调查各断面周丛藻类种类组成、群落结构及生物多样性指数等的周年变化,构建了适合于嘉陵江下游的周丛藻类生物完整性指数评价体系(P-IBI),据此评价了嘉陵江下游水质及河流健康状况。主要结果如下:(1)调查共发现周丛藻类126种,隶属于6门46属。硅藻门(Baeillariophyta)全年均为优势种,共检出21属92种,主要种类是针杆藻属(Synedra)、菱形藻属(Nitzschia)、直链藻属(Melosira)、舟形藻属(Navicula)、脆杆藻属(Fragilaria)。绿藻门(Chlorophyta)共检出14属17种,主要种类是转板藻属(Mougeotia)、毛枝藻属(Stigeoclonium)和丝藻属(Ulothrix)。蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)共检出6属10种,主要种类是鱼腥藻属(Anabaena)、颤藻属(Oscillatoria)、平裂藻属(Merismopedia)和束丝藻属(Aphanizomenon)。裸藻门(Euglenophyta)、甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)和黄藻门(Xanthophyta)种类数较少,其他门类没有发现。全年各断面周丛藻类种类数:水土盐井合川磁器口金子。不同季节间周丛藻类的种类数:秋季冬季=春季夏季。嘉陵江下游周丛藻类密度和生物量均呈现出草街电站库区及库区下游断面明显高于库区上游断面的趋势。流速、亚硝酸盐、铵盐氮和N:P等4项指标在坝上坝下断面间存在显著性差异(P0.05);亚硝酸盐、TP、磷酸盐和N:P在坝上三个断面间也存在显著性差异(P0.05);坝下断面间只有流速存在显著性差异(P0.05)。依照本研究中TP和铵盐氮的分布范围,嘉陵江下游水体主要属于Ⅱ~Ⅲ类水。(2)Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielous均匀性指数均呈现出,草街电站库区上游断面高于库区及库区下游断面,从大坝上游到下游逐渐减小的趋势。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数值显示,磁器口处于β-中污染,其余断面均为轻污染。Pielous均匀性指数值显示五个断面都处于轻污染。Margalef丰富度指数显示五个断面全为重污染。不同断面间周丛藻类的群落相似性主要表现为轻度相似,不同断面不同季节间也以轻度相似为主,个别季节间表现为中度相似,表明各个断面在不同的季节里河流环境变化较大,稳定性较差。硅藻商值显示五个断面水体全为贫营养型。污染指数显示五个断面全为重污染。周丛藻类污水生物系统法、污染评价值法显示五个断面水质均处于β-中污向α-中污过渡的状态。硅藻商值与污染指数法不适用于嘉陵江下游水质评价。污水生物系统法和污染评价值法对嘉陵江下游水质的评价比生物多样性指数评价更可靠。(3)通过对30个候选参数进行分布范围检验、判别能力分析及Pearson相关性分析,共筛选出硅藻属的总数、硅藻种类数百分比、绿藻种类数百分比、绿藻密度百分比、菱形藻密度百分比、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、硅藻属指数和运动硅藻密度百分比等8个参数用于构建嘉陵江下游P-IBI评价体系。比较几种不同评分方法,3分制以参照点为标准的评分结果与4分制以所有点为标准的评分结果更可靠。海拔、氧化还原电位和NO2--N与嘉陵江下游P-IBI值显著相关(P0.05)。五个断面中,金子、合川处于“健康”状态,盐井、水土处于“亚健康”向“一般”过渡状态,磁器口处于“亚健康”状态。(4)周丛藻类生物多样性指数、污水生物系统法、污染评价值法和P-IBI值对嘉陵江下游河流健康状况的评价结果大体一致,即草街电站库区上游水质优于库区及库区下游断面。与生物多样性指数和藻类生物指示法的评价结果相比,应用P-IBI值评价河流健康状况具有更高的敏感性和准确性。
[Abstract]:4 sections of the lower Jialing River and a cross section of the middle reaches of the middle reaches of the middle reaches of the Jialing River were investigated by artificial matrix method from August 2015 to July 2016. Based on the investigation of the species composition, community structure and biological diversity index of the sections of each section, the growth of Periphytic algae suitable for the lower reaches of the Jialing River was constructed. The evaluation system of physical integrity index (P-IBI) was used to evaluate the water quality and health status of the lower reaches of the Jialing River. The main results were as follows: (1) 126 species of Zhou group were found, belonging to 6 gates and 46 genera. All the Baeillariophyta were dominant species throughout the year, and 21 genera and 92 species were detected. The main species were Synedra and Nitzschia. Melosira, Navicula, Fragilaria and Chlorophyta, 14 genera and 17 species, the main species are Mougeotia, Stigeoclonium and Ulothrix, and 10 species of cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta), the main species are Anabaena (Anabaena), and Oscillat (Oscillat). Oria), the genus Merismopedia and Aphanizomenon, Aphanizomenon, Euglenophyta, Pyrrophyta and Xanthophyta were less, and the other categories were not found. In spring and summer, the density and biomass of the Zhou group in the lower reaches of the Jialingjiang River show a trend of obviously higher than the upstream section of the reservoir area in the reservoir area and the lower reaches of the reservoir area. The 4 indexes, such as velocity, nitrite, ammonium, nitrogen and N:P, have significant difference (P0.05) in the lower section of the dam, and the nitrite, TP, phosphate and N:P are on the dam. There are significant differences (P0.05) in the cross section (P0.05). According to the distribution of TP and ammonium salt in this study, the water body of the lower reaches of the Jialingjiang River belongs mainly to class II ~ III water. (2) the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielous evenness index are all present, and the upstream section of the reservoir area of the grass street power station is higher than that of the reservoir The downstream section of the region and the lower reaches of the reservoir is gradually decreasing from the upstream of the dam to the lower reaches of the dam. The.Shannon-Wiener diversity index indicates that the magnetic port is in the beta - medium pollution, and the other sections are all light polluted.Pielous homogeneity index. The five sections are all in the light polluted.Margalef richness index, showing that five sections are all heavy pollution. The community similarity of the group was mainly mild similar, with slight similarity in different seasons and moderate similarity in some seasons, indicating that the river environment changed greatly and the stability was poor in different seasons. The diatom quotient value showed that five sections of the water body were all poor nutrition. The results show that five sections are all heavy pollution. The biological system method of Chou Chou sewage, pollution evaluation method shows that the water quality of five sections is in the transition from beta to alpha to medium pollution. Diatom commercial value and pollution index method are not applicable to the water quality evaluation in the lower Jialingjiang River. The evaluation of sewage biological system and pollution assessment value method for the water quality in the lower Jialing River The valuation was more reliable than the biodiversity index. (3) the total number of diatom, the percentage of diatom species, the percentage of diatom species, the percentage of green algae, the density percentage of the green algae, the density percentage of the rhomboalgic algae, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were screened by the distribution range test of the 30 candidate parameters, the discriminant ability analysis and the Pearson correlation analysis. 8 parameters, such as diatom index and diatom density percentage, are used to construct the P-IBI evaluation system in the lower Jialing River. Compared with several different scoring methods, the score results of the 3 point system with reference points and 4 points for all points are more reliable. The altitude, the oxidation return potential and the P-IBI value of the lower reaches of the Jialingjiang River are significant. In the five sections (P0.05), in the five sections, gold is in a "healthy" state, the salt well is in the transition state of "subhealth" to "general", and the magnetic mouth is in a "subhealth" state. (4) the biological diversity index of the week series, the sewage biological system method, the evaluation method of pollution and the evaluation of the P-IBI value on the river health of the lower Jialingjiang River The water quality in the upper reaches of the grass street power station is better than the reservoir area and the downstream section of the reservoir area. Compared with the evaluation results of the biological diversity index and the algae biological indicator method, it is more sensitive and accurate to evaluate the health status of the river by using the P-IBI value.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826;Q948.8

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