基于混合生命周期方法的私人电动汽车温室气体排放研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 21:20

本文选题：电动汽车 + 混合生命周期评价　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年10期

【摘要】：近年来,电动汽车因其在行驶过程中无任何尾气排放,被各国政府视为推动交通部门清洁、低碳发展的重要途径,主要发达国家纷纷推出了各自的电动汽车发展战略。但是,由于电力属于二次能源,其上游电力生产阶段的能源消费是否清洁将对电动汽车的减排效果产生重要影响。考虑到目前中国绝大部分电力源于煤炭,电动汽车是否真正有益于减排还有待进一步验证。目前一些专家和学者基于传统的过程生命周期评价方法对电动汽车的能源消费、温室气体排放做了一些研究,但研究结果差异较大。为了对电动汽车的减排效果进行更精确的研究,本文采用混合生命周期方法对电动汽车的能源消费、温室气体排放进行了计算。同时,在考虑电动汽车的燃料生命周期、车辆制造生命周期的基础上,将相关配套充电设施建设生命周期纳入到电动汽车的全生命周期系统边界内,以使对电动汽车全生命周期的研究结果更加完整、精确。研究结果显示,纯电动汽车并非是"零排放"的,在燃料周期,虽然纯电动汽车的单位里程能源消费强度较小,约为传统汽油车的94.6%,但以煤为主的高碳电力结构导致目前纯电动汽车燃料周期的单位里程温室气体排放强度约为传统汽油车的1.12倍;车辆周期内,纯电动汽车的能源消费和温室气体排放量也略高于传统汽油车;此外,配套充电设施的建设也将增加纯电动汽车全生命周期的能源消费和温室气体排放量。综合燃料、车辆及充电设备的全生命周期,在当前的电源结构及技术条件下,电动汽车虽然具有较高的能源效率和较好的石油替代效果,但其全生命周期内的煤炭消费较高,导致其温室气体排放量高于传统汽油车,在当前的情况下大规模发展电动汽车并不利于温室气体减排。
[Abstract]:In recent years, electric vehicles (EV) have been regarded as an important way to promote the clean and low-carbon development of the transportation sector by the governments of various countries because they have no exhaust emissions in their driving process. The main developed countries have launched their own development strategies of EV. However, because electric power belongs to secondary energy, whether the energy consumption in upstream power production stage is clean or not will have an important impact on the emission reduction effect of electric vehicles. Given that most of China's electricity currently comes from coal, it remains to be seen whether electric vehicles are really good for reducing emissions. At present, some experts and scholars have done some research on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission of electric vehicles based on the traditional process life cycle evaluation method, but the results are quite different. In order to study the emission reduction effect of electric vehicles more accurately, the hybrid life cycle method is used to calculate the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of electric vehicles. At the same time, on the basis of considering fuel life cycle and vehicle manufacturing life cycle of electric vehicle, the construction life cycle of related charging facilities is brought into the whole life cycle system boundary of electric vehicle. In order to make the entire life cycle of electric vehicle research results more complete and accurate. The results show that pure electric vehicles are not "zero-emission", although pure electric vehicles consume less energy per mileage during the fuel cycle. This is about 94.6 times that of traditional gasoline vehicles, but the coal-based high-carbon electric power structure results in greenhouse gas emission intensity per unit mileage of the current pure electric vehicle fuel cycle is about 1.12 times that of the traditional gasoline vehicle. The energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of pure electric vehicles are also slightly higher than those of traditional gasoline vehicles. In addition, the construction of matching charging facilities will also increase energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life cycle of pure electric vehicles. The whole life cycle of integrated fuel, vehicles and charging equipment. Under the current power supply structure and technical conditions, although electric vehicles have higher energy efficiency and better oil substitution effect, their coal consumption in the whole life cycle is higher. As a result of its greenhouse gas emissions higher than the traditional gasoline vehicles, under the current circumstances, large-scale development of electric vehicles is not conducive to greenhouse gas emissions reduction.
【作者单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院;北京理工大学能源与环境政策研究中心;北京经济社会可持续发展研究基地;
【基金】：北京市社会科学基金研究基地项目“北京市低碳发展的路径设计和政策建模研究”(批准号:16JDGLB013) 国家电网公司总部科技项目“基于电能服务管理平台的营销市场分析决策技术研究及应用”(批准号:YD71-16-014)
【分类号】：X734.2

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