贺兰山东麓葡萄基地两种类型土壤重金属分布特征与评价

发布时间：2018-05-20 07:12

本文选题：土壤重金属评价 + 砾质淡灰钙土　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：贺兰山东麓是国内外公认的最适宜种植优质酿酒葡萄的黄金地带,其独特的地理、气候和土壤优势,成为我国三大葡萄原产地域保护区之一。但随着工农业的迅猛发展,各类化学产品、农膜、农药及肥料的广泛使用,使贺兰山东麓葡萄的生产安全出现潜在危机,尤其土壤重金属累积及潜在风险对其影响更为重要。鉴于重金属累积会对土壤环境质量、土壤肥力以及土壤生产力等均造成直接影响,因此本研究选取贺兰山东麓葡萄产区的主要土壤—砾质淡灰钙土和普通灰钙土为研究对象,测定两种不同类型土壤、肥料、灌溉水中重金属锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)含量,利用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析法探讨两种类型土壤重金属含量影响因素及来源,以国家土壤环境质量二级标准、宁夏土壤元素背景值、贺兰山麓洪积冲积平原背景值为标准,研究土壤重金属积累现状及外源输入渠道,并采用污染指数法和潜在生态危险指数法对重金属污染程度和危害程度进行评价。研究结果表明:(1)两种类型土壤上的8种重金属的平均含量均低于国家土壤环境质量二级标准(pH7.5)。两种类型土壤Cr、Cu和Ni元素的平均含量均超过宁夏土壤元素背景值,砾质淡灰钙土土壤Cr、Cu和Ni元素积累现象显著;普通灰钙土土壤Cr、Cu、Ni和Hg有明显的累积趋势。(2)贺兰山沿山产区的合成有机肥中重金属含量均高于农家肥含量(除Hg和As);青铜峡产区的农家肥中的Cu、Ni、Cr和Hg含量则显著高于合成有机肥。青铜峡产区的灌溉水影响普通灰钙土中Cr和As的积累。(3)相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析发现砾质淡灰钙土土壤重金属元素Ni、Cu、Cr、Zn来源可能相同;Hg、As来源于成土母质;Pb可能来源于道路交通;Cd可能来源于农业活动。普通灰钙土土壤重金属元素Zn、Cu、Cr、Hg和As可能来源于成土母质,Cr也可能来源于有机肥和灌溉水;Pb和Zn也可能来源于交通因素;Cd和Ni可能来源于农业活动。(4)砾质淡灰钙土土壤重金属单因子污染指数的平均值大小排序为CuNiCrPbHgAsZnCd,主要受Cu、Ni、Cr这3种重金属的污染;普通灰钙土土壤重金属的单因子污染指数的平均值大小排序为HgCuNiCrAsCdPbZn,主要受Cu、Ni、Cr和Hg的污染。(5)砾质淡灰钙土土壤中8种重金属元素的潜在生态危险单项系数均值属于轻微生态危害程度;普通灰钙土土壤中7种重金属元素(除Hg外)的潜在生态危险单项系数均值属于轻微生态危害程度,Hg属于中等生态危害程度。两种类型土壤潜在生态危险综合指数RI值属于轻微生态危害程度。Hg是两种类型土壤最主要的潜在生态危险重金属因子,Cd是次要的潜在生态因子。
[Abstract]:The eastern foot of Helan Mountain is recognized as the most suitable golden zone for the cultivation of high-quality wine grapes at home and abroad. Its unique geographical, climatic and soil advantages have become one of the three major grape native areas in China. However, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the widespread use of various chemical products, agricultural film, pesticides and fertilizers makes the production safety of grape in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain appear potential crisis, especially the accumulation and potential risk of heavy metals in soil is more important. In view of the direct effect of accumulation of heavy metals on soil environmental quality, soil fertility and soil productivity, the main soil-gravelly calcareous soil and ordinary graycalcareous soil in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain were selected as the research objects in this study. The contents of heavy metals (Zn ~ (2 +), Pb ~ (2 +), Cr ~ (2 +), Cr ~ (2 +), Ni ~ (2 +), Cu ~ (2 +), CD ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) in two different types of soil, fertilizer and irrigation water were determined, and the correlation analysis was used. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to study the influencing factors and sources of heavy metal contents in two types of soils. The national secondary standard of soil environmental quality, the background value of soil elements in Ningxia and the background value of Alluvial Plain in Helan Mountains were used as the criteria. The present situation of heavy metal accumulation in soil and the exogenous input channels were studied. The pollution degree and harm degree of heavy metals were evaluated by pollution index method and potential ecological hazard index method. The results showed that the average contents of eight heavy metals in the two types of soils were lower than those in the second grade national standard for soil environmental quality (pH 7.5). The average contents of Cr-Cu and Ni in the two types of soils were higher than the background values of soil elements in Ningxia, and the accumulation of Cr-Cu and Ni in gravelly calcareous soils was significant. The content of heavy metals in synthetic organic fertilizer in Hulan Mountain area is higher than that in farm manure (except Hg and Asn), and the contents of Cu (Cu) Ni (Cr) and Hg (Hg) in farm manure in Qingtongxia region are significantly higher than those in agricultural manure in Qingtongxia area. (2) the content of heavy metals in synthetic organic fertilizer in the mountain producing area of Helan Mountain is higher than that in agricultural manure (except Hg and Asn). Higher than synthetic organic fertilizer. Correlation analysis of the effects of irrigation water on the accumulation of Cr and as in the common lime calcareous soil in Qingtongxia region. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the source of heavy metal elements in gravelly calcareous soils was probably the same as that of HgMas derived from the parent material of the soil, Pb and CD from road traffic, and probably from agricultural activities. The heavy metal elements Zn _ (Cu) Cu _ (Cr) _ (Hg) and as _ (as) in the soil of ordinary lime and calcareous soil may be derived from the parent material, Cr, or from organic fertilizer and irrigation water, Pb and Zn, or from traffic factors, CD, CD and Ni from agricultural activities. (4) Gravelly calcareous soil. The average value of single factor pollution index of heavy metals in soil was ranked as CuNiCrPbHgAsZnCdTe, which was mainly polluted by three heavy metals. The average value of the single factor pollution index of heavy metals in the soil of ordinary lime calcareous soil is in the order of HgCuNiCrAsCdPbZn.The average value of the potential ecological hazards of eight heavy metals in gravelly soil is light. The degree of microecological harm; The average value of potential ecological hazard coefficient of seven heavy metal elements (except Hg) in the soil of common lime and calcareous soil belongs to the degree of slight ecological harm and Hg belongs to the degree of medium ecological hazard. Two types of soil potential ecological hazard index RI value belongs to the degree of slight ecological harm. Hg is the most important potential ecological hazard heavy metal factor CD is the secondary potential ecological factor.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X53

【参考文献】