黄粉虫取食利用浮萍的研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 07:57

本文选题：黄粉虫 + 浮萍　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文以浮萍为主要原料,制备黄粉虫人工饲料,建立浮萍-黄粉虫生物链关系。通过研究黄粉虫取食浮萍的各种最适生物学条件、幼虫肠道细菌组成变化以及虫体资源成分的变化,为利用黄粉虫转化处理浮萍提供科学依据,开拓浮萍利用新途径,探索富营养有机污水治理的生物系统技术。主要研究结果如下:1、黄粉虫人工饲料的研究。人工饲料配方设计,通过比较不同比例的浮萍饲料对黄粉虫幼虫的影响,结果: 50%浮萍:50%麦麸‖饲喂的黄粉虫幼虫的饲料利用率、生物量增长率、饲料转化率都高于其他处理组,幼虫的死亡率最低,为最佳浮萍基人工饲料。2、不同含水量的人工饲料对黄粉虫幼虫的影响。通过比较不同含水量的浮萍饲料对黄粉虫幼虫的影响,可知当浮萍基人工饲料的含水量保持为18%时,幼虫的生物量增长率、饲料利用率均最高,幼虫死亡率最低,是浮萍基人工饲料的最佳湿度范围。3、人工饲料条件下不同密度的黄粉虫幼虫生长情况比较。通过比较在不同虫体密度下黄粉虫取食浮萍饲料的情况,可知:当虫体密度为0.56头/cm3-1.12头/cm3时,幼虫的生物量增长率最高,保持在39.90%-39.73%范围内。伴随群体密度的增加,幼虫生物量增长率逐渐下降,当幼虫密度为3.36头/cm3时,幼虫的生物量增长率降至4.25%。同时,幼虫的饲料利用率也表现出和生物量增率大体相同的趋势,所以,本试验认为虫体最佳密度为1.12头/cm3。4、通过研究用浮萍代替豆饼作为黄粉虫成虫的饲料蛋白源,可知:相比于豆饼,用浮萍作为黄粉虫成虫的饲料蛋白源,可使黄粉虫成虫的平均寿命延长5d,单雌产卵量增加124粒,产卵天数延长约7d。5、通过比较取食浮萍饲料和纯麦麸饲料的黄粉虫幼虫虫体资源成分组成及含量可知:取食浮萍饲料的幼虫虫体中:蛋白质含量为61.7%、粗脂肪含量9.7%、粗纤维含量为10.8%、含灰9.3%;取食纯麦麸饲料的黄粉虫幼虫体中:蛋白质占52.6%、粗脂肪占29.9%、粗纤维占4.6%、灰分占3.5%。此外,两种饲料饲喂的幼虫体内的氨基酸种类都较为丰富,均有17种。必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA),分别是浮萍组69.21%纯麦麸组69.25%,都大于标准60%;必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值,分别是浮萍饲料组32.32%、纯麦麸组40.90%,均在40%左右。6、黄粉虫肠道细菌的研究。分别比较取食浮萍饲料和纯麦麸饲料的黄粉虫幼虫肠道可培养细菌的种类和数量,可得知:以纯麦麸为饲料的黄粉虫幼虫肠道菌群种类相对单一,优势菌为芽孢杆菌属和短波单胞菌属,而取食浮萍饲料的幼虫肠道细菌种类有所增加,不仅包括芽孢杆菌属、短波单胞属,同时含有沙雷氏菌属、金黄杆菌属、埃希氏杆菌属。为今后进一步研究黄粉虫利用浮萍的内在机制提供参考。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the artificial feed was prepared with duckweed as the main raw material, and the biological chain relationship between duckweed and powdery mildew was established. By studying the optimum biological conditions of feeding on duckweed, the changes of bacterial composition in larval intestine and the changes of resource composition of insect body, this paper provides scientific basis for the treatment of duckweed by transformation of powdery mildew, and opens up a new way for the utilization of duckweed. To explore the biological system technology for the treatment of eutrophic organic wastewater. The main results are as follows: 1. The effects of different proportion of duckweed feed on the larvae of powdery mildew were compared. The results showed that 50% duckweed and 50% wheat bran were used to increase the growth rate of biomass and the feed efficiency of the larvae fed with 50% wheat bran. The feed conversion rate was higher than that of other treatments, and the larval mortality was the lowest, which was the best artificial diet of duckweed. 2. The effect of artificial diet with different water content on the larvae of Molitor Molitor was studied. By comparing the effects of duckweed feed with different water content on the larvae of Mollusca chinensis, it was found that when the water content of the artificial feed of duckweed was maintained at 18, the larva biomass growth rate, feed utilization rate and larval mortality were the highest, and the larval mortality was the lowest. It is the best humidity range of duckweed artificial diet. By comparing feeding on duckweed under different body density, it can be seen that when the density is 0.56 / cm ~ (-3) -1.12 / cm ~ (3), the larval biomass growth rate is the highest, which is kept in the range of 39.90 ~ 39.73%. With the increase of population density, the growth rate of larval biomass decreased gradually. When the larval density was 3.36 / cm ~ 3, the growth rate of larval biomass decreased to 4.25%. At the same time, the feed utilization efficiency of larvae was similar to that of biomass growth. Therefore, the optimum density of larvae was 1.12 / cm ~ (3.4), and duckweed was used as feed protein source instead of bean cake. Compared with bean cake, using duckweed as the feed protein source of Molitor mollusca can prolong the average life span of the adult by 5 days and increase the number of eggs laid by single female by 124 eggs. The days of oviposition were prolonged by 7d.5.Through comparing the composition and content of the larval resources of P. mollis fed on duckweed feed and pure wheat bran feed, the results showed that the protein content and crude fat content of larvae fed on duckweed feed were 61.7 and 9.7, respectively. The content of crude fiber was 10.8 and ash was 9.3%. The contents of protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and ash were 52.6, 29.9, 4.6 and 3.5 respectively. In addition, there were 17 kinds of amino acids in larva fed with two kinds of feed. The ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was 69.21% pure wheat bran in duckweed group and 69.25% in duckweed group, and the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was 69.25%. They were duckweed feed group 32.32 and pure wheat bran group 40.90, all of which were about 40%. The species and quantity of culturable bacteria in the intestinal tract of the larvae fed on duckweed and pure wheat bran were compared, and it was found that the intestinal flora of the larvae fed on pure wheat bran was relatively single. The dominant bacteria were Bacillus and Brassomonas, while the species of intestinal bacteria feeding on duckweed feed were increased, including not only Bacillus, short wave, but also Shareh, Gold and Escherichia. It provides a reference for the further study of the internal mechanism of the utilization of duckweed.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

【参考文献】