热等离子体气化技术处理印染污泥的研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 13:58

本文选题：热等离子体气化 + 印染污泥　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对印染污泥成分复杂、危害严重、产量日益增大的现状,基于固体废弃物处理的无害化、减量化和资源化目标,本文利用热等离子体高温、高焓、高能粒子密度大的独特优势,首次研究了 CO_2和空气热等离子体气化印染污泥的过程,为开发以热等离子体气化为核心的印染污泥高效处理技术打下了基础。利用磁旋转弧等离子体反应器,考察了不同CO_2气量、输入功率下CO_2热等离子体气化印染污泥的气体产物组成,确定了 CO_2气化过程的能源化优化条件;测定该条件下气体产物中的污染物含量;测定了固体产物的结晶形态、热稳定性、毒性浸出速率,以及对印染污泥中重金属的固定效率。实验结果显示,在污泥进料速率为36g/min、CO_2气量为～0.4Nm~3/h、输入功率为12.42kW时可以得到最优的能源化结果,碳转化率高达99.90%,能量转换效率高达66.90%,产品气的低位发热量为34.29MJ/h;该条件下的固体产物为黑色坚硬不规则状物质,减容比为41.19%,热稳定性好,对重金属基本上可以达到99%以上的固定效率,毒性浸出实验表明其不属于危险废物。进一步考察了空气热等离子体条件下输入功率和印染污泥进料速率对印染污泥能源化效果的影响,并测定了气体产物中污染物的含量和固体产物的结构与性质。结果表明,与CO_2热等离子体相比,空气中大量存在的N_2使产品气中CO和H_2含量降低,碳转化率等参数也降低,但其所需输入功率略小,且硫、氮元素的析出明显增多。同时,空气气化所得熔渣减容比大于CO_2气化所得,但是空气熔渣中晶体成分多,对重金属的固定效果不如C02。进料速率为36 g/min,空气量为～0.8 Nm~3/h、输入功率为11.49 kW时,产品气的低位发热量为22.75 MJ/h,能量转换效率达到最大值60.21%,碳转化效率高达99.72%。在该条件下的固体产物为不规则状黑色固体物质,减容比为48.95%,热稳定性好,对重金属的固定效率除Ni外都可以达到94%以上,毒性浸出实验表明其不属于危险废物。
[Abstract]:In view of the complex composition, serious harm and increasing output of printing and dyeing sludge, based on the harmless, reduced and resource targets of solid waste treatment, this paper uses high temperature and high enthalpy of heat plasma. Because of the unique advantage of high energy particle density, the process of CO_2 and air thermal plasma gasification of printing and dyeing sludge was studied for the first time, which laid a foundation for the development of high efficiency treatment technology of printing and dyeing sludge with thermal plasma gasification as the core. The composition of gas products from the printing and dyeing sludge of CO_2 thermal plasma gasification under different CO_2 gas volume and input power was investigated by using a magnetic rotating arc plasma reactor, and the optimized conditions for the energy conversion of the CO_2 gasification process were determined. The content of pollutants in the gas product was determined under these conditions, and the crystal morphology, thermal stability, toxic leaching rate and fixation efficiency of heavy metals in printing and dyeing sludge were determined. The experimental results show that when the sludge feed rate is 36 g / min ~ (-2) and the gas volume is 0. 4 nm / h, and the input power is 12.42kW, the optimal energy conversion results can be obtained. The carbon conversion rate is as high as 99.90 and the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 66.90. The low calorific value of the product gas is 34.29MJ / h; the solid product under this condition is a black, hard, irregular substance with a volume reduction ratio of 41.19, and good thermal stability. The fixed efficiency of heavy metals can reach more than 99% basically, and the toxic leaching experiment shows that it is not a hazardous waste. The effects of the input power and the feed rate of printing and dyeing sludge on the energy efficiency of printing and dyeing sludge under the condition of hot air plasma were further investigated. The content of pollutants in the gas product and the structure and properties of the solid product were determined. The results show that, compared with CO_2 hot plasma, the presence of N\ -2 in air decreases the content of CO and H\ -2 in the product gas, and the parameters such as carbon conversion, but the input power is slightly smaller, and the precipitation of sulfur and nitrogen is obviously increased. At the same time, the reduction ratio of slag from air gasification is higher than that from CO_2 gasification, but the crystal composition of air slag is more than that of C02. When the feed rate is 36 g / min, the air volume is 0. 8 nm / h, the input power is 11. 49 kW, the low calorific value of the product gas is 22.75 MJ / h, the energy conversion efficiency reaches the maximum value of 60.21 and the carbon conversion efficiency is up to 99. 72%. Under this condition, the solid product is irregular black solid material, the volume reduction ratio is 48.95, the thermal stability is good, the fixation efficiency of heavy metal can reach more than 94% except Ni, and the toxic leaching experiment shows that it is not a hazardous waste.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X791;O539

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