中国环境不平等及其影响因素的分析

发布时间：2018-06-02 21:50

本文选题：环境不平等 + 基尼系数　；参考：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国经济高速发展,但是中国经济的发展很大程度上以污染环境为代价。随着近几年可持续发展概念的提出,人们逐渐意识到保护环境的重要性,但是对于不同地区以及不同省份之间的不平等,不管是政策层面还是学术层面,都没得到足够的重视。在此背景下,本文从中国实际出发,对我国环境不平等问题进行测度,并且通过分解得出影响我国环境不平等的主要因素,为我国的环境污染排放调控提供理论依据和政策支持。本文首先对国内外关于环境不平等的研究发展状况进行阐述介绍。在前人研究的基础上,本文首先对中国总体环境污染状况进行陈述,引入相关不平等测算指数,如基尼系数、K指数、泰尔指数等主要三类不平等测算指数对中国不同地区的环境不平等状况进行测算。然后利用回归分解法对环境不平等的影响因素进行分解,得出影响环境不平等的主要因素。最后针对影响环境不平等的因素,提出相关结论建议。本文的结论主要有以下几点:首先在从污染物排放的不平等程度来说,地区间工业固体废弃物排放不平等程度最高,工业废气次之,工业废水最低。从变化趋势来看,从2000年到2014年,地区间工业废水排放与工业废气排放不平等呈现U型过程,而工业固体废弃物排放不平等则为N型。第二,通过对省际环境不平等的分析,我们发现在三类主要污染物的排放中,北京、天津、上海等省份污染物排放量占比要低于其GRP占比,而山西、河北等省份污染物排放占比则要高于其GRP占比,显示出了各省份之间环境的不平等。第三,在各地区环境不平等的分析中,东部地区的各省市受经济发展水平和工业化进程的影响,工业污染排放差异最为明显。最后,通过夏普利值分解,我们发现在影响环境不平等的因素中,产业结构起主要作用,对外依存度与外商投资水平影响较小。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly, but to a large extent, the development of China's economy is at the expense of polluting the environment. With the development of the concept of sustainable development in recent years, people have gradually realized the importance of protecting the environment, but the inequality between different regions and provinces has not been paid enough attention to, whether at the policy level or the academic level. Under this background, this paper measures the problem of environmental inequality in China from the point of view of the reality of China, and obtains the main factors that affect the environmental inequality of our country by decomposing. It provides theoretical basis and policy support for the regulation and control of environmental pollution emissions in China. This paper first introduces the research and development of environmental inequality at home and abroad. On the basis of previous studies, this paper first describes the overall environmental pollution situation in China, and introduces the related inequality measurement index, such as the Gini coefficient K index. The main three types of inequality measurement indices, such as the Thiel Index, measure the environmental inequality in different regions of China. Then the factors affecting environmental inequality are decomposed by regression decomposition method, and the main factors affecting environmental inequality are obtained. Finally, some conclusions and suggestions are put forward in view of the factors affecting environmental inequality. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: firstly, in terms of the inequality of pollutant discharge, the inequality of industrial solid waste discharge among regions is the highest, the industrial waste gas is the second, and the industrial wastewater is the lowest. From 2000 to 2014, the inequality of industrial wastewater discharge and industrial waste gas emission is U-type process, while the industrial solid waste discharge inequality is N-type. Second, through the analysis of the environmental inequality between provinces, we find that among the three major pollutants discharged, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other provinces account for less than their GRP share, while Shanxi, The proportion of pollutant emission in Hebei and other provinces is higher than that in GRP, which shows the environmental inequality among provinces. Thirdly, in the analysis of the environmental inequality in different regions, the differences of industrial pollution emissions are most obvious among the provinces and cities in the eastern region affected by the level of economic development and the process of industrialization. Finally, through the decomposition of Sharpley value, we find that the industrial structure plays a major role in influencing the environmental inequality, and the degree of dependence on foreign countries and the level of foreign investment have little influence.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X321

【参考文献】