跨界大气污染治理体系和政策措施——欧洲经验及对中国的启示

发布时间：2018-06-04 09:14

本文选题：跨界大气污染 + 治理体系　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年09期

【摘要】：大气污染具有明显的跨界特性,跨区域联防联治机制是大气污染治理的重要手段。欧洲跨界大气污染治理具有完整的治理体系和丰富的实践经验,取得了显著成就,充分借鉴和吸收欧洲跨界大气污染治理的经验,对提高中国大气污染治理的科学性和有效性、推动解决大气污染治理难题具有重要意义。本文深入分析了欧洲跨界大气污染治理的背景、制度演化、治理体系和政策措施,结果发现,欧洲跨界大气污染治理机制是以EMEP为基础、以CLRTAP为核心、八项议定书为补充的不断扩展治理领域和政策边界的动态过程,其治理政策的制定表现出明显的阶段性特征。从科学化定量体系和制度化保障体系两个维度总结了欧洲跨界大气污染治理的主要措施,结合中国实际,对中国跨界大气污染治理提出了政策建议:(1)建立健全大气治理立法及配套执行体系,并严格落实问责;(2)尽快建立和完善跨界大气污染监测评估系统;(3)科学划分大气污染治理区域,成立跨区域组织领导机构;(4)加快研究制定符合国情的跨区域生态补偿机制。
[Abstract]:Air pollution has obvious cross-boundary characteristics, and cross-regional joint prevention and control mechanism is an important means of air pollution control. European transboundary air pollution control has a complete control system and rich practical experience, and has made remarkable achievements. The full reference and absorption of European transboundary air pollution control experience will improve the scientific and effective treatment of air pollution in China. It is of great significance to solve the problem of air pollution control. This paper deeply analyzes the background, institutional evolution, governance system and policy measures of transboundary air pollution control in Europe. The results show that the European transboundary air pollution control mechanism is based on EMEP, with CLRTAP as the core. The eight protocols are complementary to the dynamic process of expanding governance fields and policy boundaries, and the formulation of governance policies shows obvious stage characteristics. From the two dimensions of scientific quantitative system and institutionalized safeguard system, this paper summarizes the main measures for the control of transboundary air pollution in Europe, combining with the reality of China. This paper puts forward policy recommendations on the control of transboundary air pollution in China: 1) to establish and improve the legislation on the control of air pollution and its supporting implementation system. And strictly implement the accountability system 2) establish and perfect the transboundary air pollution monitoring and assessment system as soon as possible) scientifically divide the air pollution control area, set up the leading organization of the cross-regional organization to study and establish the cross-regional ecological compensation mechanism in accordance with the national conditions.
【作者单位】：对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“以绿色技术创新推动生态文明建设的长效机制与政策研究”(批准号:14AJL017)
【分类号】：X51

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