环境污染责任保险模式法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 19:56

本文选题：环境污染责任保险 + 保险模式　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境污染责任保险既是一种经济手段,又具有政策性导向。因此,环境污染责任保险既要尊重自由竞争规则,充分发挥市场机制的作用,又要以最大化社会整体利益为目标,均衡各个主体的利益。作为一种商业性责任保险,环境污染责任保险不同于政策性保险或社会保险,其本质上仍是一种风险集散和损失分担机制,与侵权责任共同构成多元损害赔偿救济途径之一。环境污染责任保险作用的发挥以环境侵权的发生和侵权责任的认定为前提,因此就受害人环境权益的救济而言,侵权责任法为受害人得到救济的权利提供了法律依据,而环境污染责任保险则保障了权利救济的落实。以环境污染责任保险的上述理念为基础,以保险关系的效力基础为标准,分为两种保险模式。自愿模式以意思自治和契约自由为理论依据,侧重发挥环境污染责任保险补偿被保险人损失的功能,而强制模式则在外部性理论的基础上,结合侵权责任法下的个别责任,更加关注对受害人损害的填补。自愿模式与强制模式具有不同的特征和优势,其适用要综合考虑我国试点现状、环保法律环境和保险市场的发展等因素,同时借鉴域外发展的有益经验,推动理论探索和实践经验的互动发展。作为环境污染责任保险制度建设中的一个方面,保险模式的选择既要以整体制度建设为基础,又要配合制度建设的其他配套措施,反过来促进环境污染责任保险制度的建设与完善。本文共三部分。第一部分简要介绍了环境污染责任保险及其基本理念和功能定位,区分环境污染责任保险的类型和保险模式,将本文中的保险模式以保险关系的效力基础为标准进行划分,包括自愿保险模式和强制保险模式,并分析了选择和适用保险模式的几种主要影响因素。第二部分承接第一部分中对环境污染责任保险之理念和功能定位的分析,确立自愿模式和强制模式下不同的功能定位和理论依据,着重分析两种模式各自的优势,并简要介绍了域外保险模式的经验。最后一部分着眼于我国现状,针对环境污染责任保险当前的试点情况和存在的问题、原因,提出我国正式实施环境污染责任保险时所应采取的保险模式,以及该种模式下其他配套措施的创设思路。
[Abstract]:Environmental pollution liability insurance is not only an economic means, but also a policy-oriented. Therefore, environmental pollution liability insurance should not only respect the rules of free competition, give full play to the role of market mechanism, but also aim at maximizing the overall interests of society, and balance the interests of all subjects. As a commercial liability insurance, environmental pollution liability insurance is different from policy insurance or social insurance. In essence, it is still a mechanism of risk distribution and loss sharing. The role of environmental pollution liability insurance is based on the occurrence of environmental tort and the recognition of tort liability. Therefore, as far as the relief of the victim's environmental rights and interests is concerned, the tort liability law provides the legal basis for the victim's right to obtain relief. And environmental pollution liability insurance ensures the implementation of right relief. Based on the concept of environmental pollution liability insurance and the effectiveness of the insurance relationship, it can be divided into two types of insurance modes. The voluntary model is based on autonomy of will and freedom of contract, with emphasis on exerting the function of environmental pollution liability insurance to compensate the insured's loss, while the compulsory mode is based on the externality theory and the combination of individual liability under the law of tort liability. Pay more attention to the compensation of the victim's damage. The voluntary model and the compulsory mode have different characteristics and advantages. Their application should take into account the current situation of our country's pilot project, the environmental protection legal environment and the development of the insurance market, and draw lessons from the beneficial experience of the overseas development. Promote the interactive development of theoretical exploration and practical experience. As an aspect of the construction of the liability insurance system for environmental pollution, the choice of insurance mode should be based on the overall system construction as well as other supporting measures in the construction of the system. In turn, promote the construction and improvement of environmental pollution liability insurance system. There are three parts in this paper. The first part briefly introduces the environmental pollution liability insurance, its basic concept and function orientation, distinguishes the type and the insurance mode of the environmental pollution liability insurance, and divides the insurance mode in this paper according to the validity basis of the insurance relationship. It includes voluntary insurance model and compulsory insurance model, and analyzes several main factors that influence the choice and application of insurance model. The second part carries on the analysis of the concept and function orientation of the environmental pollution liability insurance in the first part, establishes the different functional orientation and theoretical basis under the voluntary mode and the compulsory mode, and analyzes the respective advantages of the two modes. And briefly introduces the experience of the extraterritorial insurance model. The last part focuses on the status quo of our country, aiming at the current pilot situation and existing problems of environmental pollution liability insurance, and the reasons, puts forward the insurance mode that should be adopted when our country formally implements the environmental pollution liability insurance. And the other supporting measures under the model of the creation of ideas.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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