沉水植物与活性覆盖材料联合控制底泥氮磷释放效果研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 03:18

本文选题：城市水体 + 富营养化　；参考：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市建设的飞速发展,城市水体富营养化问题日益严重。水体中的氮磷浓度决定了水体富营养化程度,因此,在外源氮磷得到有效控制前提下,原位控制底泥的氮磷释放量是控制城市水体富营养化的有效措施。因此,本文通过室内模拟试验研究沉水植物与活性覆盖材料联合控制底泥氮磷释放可行性、效果和作用机理。主要开展了如下研究。(1)试验研究了4种常见沉水植物(苦草、黑藻、金鱼藻和狐尾藻)削减富营养化水体氮磷效果。试验历时7d,与对照相比,苦草、黑藻、金鱼藻和狐尾藻系统对NH4+-N最大削减率分别为87.2%,90.9%,90.1%和-11%;对PO43--P最大削减率分别为76%,83.4%,79.8%和68.4%。可见,苦草、黑藻和金鱼藻都能有效削减富营养化水体中的氮磷,狐尾藻对氮削减效果不明显;由于金鱼藻在试验期间长势较弱甚至有腐烂的现象,因此,选取苦草和黑藻作为后续试验的沉水植物。(2)试验研究了苦草和黑藻控制底泥氮磷释放效果。试验历时27d,与对照相比,苦草和黑藻系统对间隙水中NH4+-N削减率分别是0.2%和21.7%,对PO43--P削减率分别是79.5%和84.8%;对底泥中总氮削减率分别是17.7%和19.2%,对底泥中总磷削减率分别是-18%和5%;苦草和黑藻对水环境中氮的富集量分别为29.38mg/g和34.19mg/g;对水环境中磷的富集量分别为7.58mg/g和9.13 mg/g,可见,沉水植物对水环境中的营养盐较好地削减作用。由于黑藻的削减氮磷效果优于苦草,且苦草后期出现腐烂的现象,因此,选取黑藻作为后续试验的沉水植物。(3)试验研究了沉水植物(黑藻)和活性覆盖材料(净水厂污泥)联合控制底泥氮磷释放可行性和效果。试验历时60d,与对照相比,黑藻与净水厂污泥联合系统对间隙水中PO43--P和TP削减率分别为66.8%和59.8%,对底泥中铵态氮和总氮削减率分别为46%和40.0%,对底泥TP削减率分别为7.9%,能将底泥中无机磷从不稳定的形态(Fe/Al-P)转化为较稳定的形态(Ca-P),黑藻和净水厂污泥对水环境中磷的富集量分别为7.13mg/g和0.76 mg/g。黑藻和净水厂污泥联合系统不仅有效削减底泥氮磷释放,而且能有效抑制底泥再悬浮。可见,沉水植物与活性覆盖材料联合控制底泥氮磷释放有一定的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban construction, eutrophication of urban water is becoming more and more serious. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in water determines the eutrophication degree of water body. Therefore, under the premise of effective control of exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus, it is an effective measure to control eutrophication of urban water body by in-situ controlling the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus released from sediment. Therefore, the feasibility, effect and mechanism of controlling nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment by submerged plants and active mulching materials were studied in this paper. In this paper, the effects of four common submerged plants (Acanthophora rubrum, black algae, goldfish and foxtail algae) on the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water were studied. Compared with the control, the maximum reduction rates of NH _ 4-N in the system of Hydophyllum chinensis, Black algae, Haematophyta and Alternaria vulgaris were 87.2% and 90.9% and 90.1% and -11%, respectively, and the maximum reduction rates of PO43- P were 76.8% and 68.4%, respectively, compared with those of the control system, and the maximum reduction rates of NH4-N were 90.9% and -11%, respectively, for PO43- P, the maximum reduction rates were 76.8% and 68.4%, respectively. It can be seen that the nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophication water can be reduced effectively by bitter grass, black algae and goldfish algae, but the effect on nitrogen reduction is not obvious. Because of the weak growth and even decay of goldfish algae during the experiment, there is no obvious effect on nitrogen and phosphorus reduction in eutrophication water. The effect of controlling nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment was studied by the submerged plant. The trial lasted 27 days, compared with the control. The reduction rates of NH4-N and PO43 P were 0.2% and 21.7% respectively, 79.5% and 84.8% for PO43 P, 17.7% and 19.2% for total nitrogen and -18% and 5% for total phosphorus in sediment, respectively, and 79.5% and 84.8% for PO43 P, respectively. The nitrogen enrichment amounts in water environment were 29.38mg/g and 34.19 mg / g, respectively, and the phosphorus enrichment amounts in water environment were 7.58mg/g and 9.13 mg / g, respectively. Submerged plants play a better role in reducing nutrients in water environment. Because the effect of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus by black algae is better than that of bitter grass, and the rotting phenomenon occurs in the late stage of bitter grass, therefore, The feasibility and effect of submerged plant (black algae) and active mulching material (sludge of water purification plant) in controlling nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment were studied. The experiment lasted 60 days, compared with the control. The reduction rates of PO43 P and TP were 66.8% and 59.8% in interstitial water, 46% and 40.0% for ammonium nitrogen and 40.0% for total nitrogen in sediment, and 7.9% for TP, respectively. The fixed form of Fe / Al-P was transformed into a stable form of Ca-Pu, and the enrichment of phosphorus in water environment by black algae and sludge of water purification plant was 7.13mg/g and 0.76 mg / g, respectively. The combined system of black algae and sludge in water purification plant can not only effectively reduce nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediment, but also effectively inhibit sediment resuspension. Therefore, it is feasible for submerged plants and active mulching materials to control the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediment.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52

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