新疆伊犁河大型底栖动物群落及水质生物学评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 06:10

本文选题：伊犁河 + 大型底栖动物　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：大型底栖无脊椎动物(Macroinvertebrates)是河流生态系统的重要组成部分,位于食物链的中间环节,对河流的物质循环和能量流动具有重要作用。不同类群的底栖动物往往对河流水质的敏感程度不同,因此可作为评价河流健康状况的重要指标。而关于底栖动物的环境影响因素研究也仍是热点之一。目前国内关于底栖动物的研究大多集中于沿海地区,对于新疆等西部地区特别是像新疆伊犁河这样的国际河流的研究相对较少。本研究以我国新疆伊犁河底栖动物群落为研究对象,分别于2014年7-8月和2015年7-8月份对试验样地的底栖动物进行了调查取样并测定了相关环境指标。拟解决以下科学问题:1)新疆伊犁河的底栖动物群落现状如何及其主要环境影响因素是什么?2)新疆伊犁河底栖动物功能摄食类群组成以及影响各功能摄食类群的主要环境因子是什么?3)人为活动对底栖动物产生了怎样的影响?4)新疆伊犁河的河流健康水平状况?哪种指数更适合于伊犁河的水质生物评价?得出以下主要结论:(1)研究期间,新疆伊犁河共采集大型底栖动物19735头,属11目39科81属(种),其中水生昆虫、软体动物、寡毛类分别占93.8%、2.5%和3.7%,似动蜉(Cinygmula sp.)和粗腹摇蚊(Pelopia sp.)为伊犁河的优势物种,底栖动物平均密度为1385.2ind./m2,其中水生昆虫贡献最大。底栖动物群落整体多样性水平较高,但不同样点间差异较大。流速、电导率、水温和海拔是影响伊犁河底栖动物分布的主要环境因素。(2)伊犁河第三大支流巩乃斯河功能摄食类群处于较为完整状态,而伊犁河第二大支流喀什河由于受到人为活动影响较为严重导致某些样点滤食者和撕食者消失,底栖动物功能摄食类群严重退化。影响滤食者的最主要环境因子为水温、流速、溶氧和pH;而刮食者主要受到了电导率、海拔、流速、水温以及粒径为16-64mm的底质的影响;影响收集者的主要环境因子为粒径小于1mm的底质、溶氧、海拔和水温;撕食者主要受到电导率、海拔和水温的影响;影响捕食者的主要环境因子则为有机质、电导率、水温和溶氧。(3)比较分析了自然、受损、坝下和保护区四种生境的大型底栖动物群落结构特征。结果表明:自然生境在物种数、优势物种数、EPT物种数、密度和物种多样性方面均高于其他三种生境,而坝下生境均最低,保护区生境底栖动物群落结构优于受损生境和坝下生境。(4)伊犁河河流健康状况整体较好,但不同河段间的水质健康等级差异较大。其中喀什河水质健康等级为亚健康和健康的河段占35.6%,差与极差的河段占20.0%;巩乃斯河水质健康等级为亚健康和健康的河段占84.0%,不存在健康等级为差和极差的样点。ASPT记分系统和Pielou指数评价结果在灵敏度上稍差。Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数和BMWP记分系统更适合于伊犁河的水质评价。
[Abstract]:Macroinvertebrates, a macrobenthic invertebrate, is an important part of river ecosystem, which is located in the middle of the food chain and plays an important role in the material circulation and energy flow of the river. Benthic animals of different groups are often sensitive to river water quality, so it can be used as an important index to evaluate river health. The study on the environmental factors of benthic animals is still one of the hot spots. At present, most of the studies on benthos are focused on the coastal areas, but the research on the western regions such as Xinjiang, especially the international rivers such as the Yili River in Xinjiang, is relatively rare. In this study, the benthic fauna community of the Yili River in Xinjiang was investigated in July-August 2014 and July-August 2015 respectively. To solve the following scientific question: 1) what is the current situation of benthic fauna community in Yili River, Xinjiang and what are its main environmental impact factors? 2) the composition of functional feeding groups of benthic animals in Yili River, Xinjiang, and the main factors affecting the functional feeding groups of benthic animals in Yili River, Xinjiang What are the environmental factors? (3) what is the impact of human activities on benthos? 4) the river health status of the Yili River in Xinjiang? Which index is more suitable for biological evaluation of water quality in the Ili River? The main conclusions are as follows: during the study, 19735 macrobenthos belonging to 11 orders, 39 families, 81 genera were collected in Yili River, Xinjiang (species, including aquatic insects, mollusks, oligochaetes accounting for 93.8% and 3.7%, respectively). And Pelopia sp. The average density of benthos is 1385.2ind.rm2.The aquatic insects contribute the most. The overall diversity level of benthos community is higher, but the difference between different points is great. Velocity, conductivity, water temperature and altitude are the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of benthic animals in the Yili River. However, the second tributary of the Yili River, Kashi River, was seriously affected by human activities, which led to the disappearance of filter and avulsion predators in some sample sites, and the degradation of functional feeding groups of benthic animals. The most important environmental factors affecting filter eaters were water temperature, velocity of flow, dissolved oxygen and pH, while scraped eaters were mainly affected by conductivity, altitude, velocity, water temperature and sediment with particle size of 16-64mm. The main environmental factors affecting the collector were the sediment with particle size smaller than 1mm, dissolved oxygen, altitude and water temperature; the main environmental factors affecting the predator were organic matter, conductivity, and water temperature. The characteristics of macrobenthos community in natural, damaged, and protected areas were compared and analyzed by water temperature and dissolved oxygen. The results showed that the number of species, dominant species, density and species diversity of natural habitats were higher than those of the other three habitats, but the habitats under dam were the lowest. The benthic community structure in the protected area was better than that in the damaged habitat and under the dam habitat.) the health status of the Yili River was better as a whole, but the water quality and health grade of the different reaches varied greatly. Among them, the water quality of Kashi River is sub-health and health, the water quality of Kashi River is 35.6, the poor and extremely poor reach is 20.0, and the section of Gongnisi River with sub-health and health grade is 84.0, and there is no sample point of poor and extremely poor health grade .ASPT. The results of scoring system and Pielou index are slightly less sensitive. Margalef index and BMWP scoring system are more suitable for water quality evaluation of Yili River.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X824;Q958.8

【参考文献】