固定化异养硝化菌与模块化沉水植物对富营养化水体的联合修复作用研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 05:10

本文选题：异养硝化细菌 + 固定化　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,生存之本。但是,全球有30%以上的湖泊(水库)呈现富营养化状态,水体的治理刻不容缓。而到目前为止,已经有许多研究证明微生物或者沉水植物都能够有效地治理水体富营养化。此外,微生物与水生植物联合修复作用的研究也已经开始,但是大多是把微生物和植物投入到待治理富营养化水体中进行净化。本论文利用从太湖污泥中直接提取的高效土著异养硝化细菌,将其进行最优化固定,之后与模块化的沉水植物(苦草、伊乐藻)联合修复富营养化水体。固定化细菌解决了细菌容易随水体流失的问题,而模块化水草解决了水草栽种收割困难、低效和劳动强度大等问题。此外,模块化水草采用苦草、伊乐藻组合方式,增加了水生生态系统中物种多样性和稳定性,提高了修复效果。本研究为太湖水域富营养化水体的治理提供了技术支持。本研究主要包括3块内容:1、异养高效硝化细菌的筛选和鉴定;2、异养硝化细菌包埋条件优化;3、固定化硝化细菌与模块化沉水植物联合修复效果。⑴通过硝化细菌的富集、纯化、初筛,从太湖污泥中选出培养良好的5株细菌,观察细菌形态并依据《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》初步确定这5株细菌为异养硝化细菌。将这5株硝化细菌分别进行硝化特性的测定,结果表明:5株硝化细菌的均具有较强的转化氨氮和亚硝态氮的能力,其中J-4的转化效果最好,48h亚硝态氮和氨氮的去除率分别达到了69.00%,90.25%。通过16SrDNA鉴定,J-4属于成对杆菌属,并建立该菌的生长发育树。⑵通过一系列固化材料对比试验,选取海藻酸钠(SA),聚乙二醇(PEG),为固定化包埋载体材料。通过单因素试验确定包埋载体材料海藻酸钠(SA),聚乙二醇(PEG),活性炭(AC),CaCl2的正交试验浓度范围分别为1.5%-2.5%,7%-9%,1.5%-2.5%,2%-4%。根据正交试验结果及方差分析得知,4种材料中海藻酸钠(SA)对氨氮的转化率影响最大,其次是聚乙二醇(PEG),再次是CaCl2,而活性炭(AC)影响最小;海藻酸钠(SA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、活性炭(AC)、CaCl2最佳浓度分别为2.5%,8%,1.5%,4%。⑶在联合处理效果实验中设计6个实验组,分别为:A、模拟富营养化水体对照组;B、模拟富营养化水体+游离细菌;C、模拟富营养化水体+固定化细菌;D、模拟富营养化水体+模块化水草;E、模拟富营养化水体+游离细菌+模块化水草;F、模拟富营养化水体+固定化细菌+模块化水草;每组3个平行。结果表明,总体上F组去除水中氮磷效果最好,均优于其他实验组。两者联合作用,12d内总氮去除率达到84.22%,氨氮去除率达到99%以上,总磷去除率达到73.79%,CODMN浓度降低41.24%。根据回归方程,总氮、总磷和CODMN的去除能力从大到小依次为FEDCB。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, the basis of survival. However, more than 30% of global lakes (reservoirs) show eutrophication, water treatment is urgent. So far, many studies have proved that microbes or submerged plants can effectively control eutrophication. In addition, the research on the combined remediation of microbes and aquatic plants has also begun, but most of the microorganisms and plants are put into eutrophication water to be treated for purification. In this paper, the highly efficient aboriginal heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria extracted from the sludge of Taihu Lake were optimized and fixed, and then the eutrophication water body was repaired in combination with the modular submerged plants (Acanthopsis chinensis, Eloidea). The immobilized bacteria can solve the problem of bacteria losing easily with the water body, while the modular water grass can solve the problems such as the difficulty of planting and harvesting, the low efficiency and the high labor intensity. In addition, the modular watergrass uses the combination of bitter grass and Eloidea to increase the species diversity and stability in aquatic ecosystem and improve the restoration effect. This study provides technical support for the treatment of eutrophication water in Taihu Lake. The main contents of this study were as follows: 1, screening and identification of heterotrophic high-efficiency nitrifying bacteria, optimization of embedding conditions of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria, and purification of immobilized nitrifying bacteria and modular submerged plants by enrichment and purification of nitrobacteria. Five strains of bacteria were selected from the sludge of Taihu Lake. The morphology of the bacteria was observed and the five strains were preliminarily identified as heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria according to "Berger's bacterial Identification Manual". The nitrification characteristics of 5 strains of nitrifying bacteria were determined. The results showed that all of the 5 strains of nitrifying bacteria had strong ability to transform ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen reached 69.00% and 90.25% respectively. The strain J-4 was identified as a pairwise bacillus by 16s rDNA, and its growth and development tree .2 was established. Through a series of comparative experiments of solidified materials, sodium alginate (SAA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were selected as immobilized carrier materials. The orthogonal experimental concentration range of sodium alginate, polyethylene glycol (PEGN), activated carbon (AC) and calcium chloride (CaCl _ 2) was determined by single factor test. The concentration ranges were 1.5- 2.5cm and 7.9-9.5-2.5-2.5-4, respectively. According to the results of orthogonal test and variance analysis, it was found that sodium alginate SA) had the greatest effect on the conversion of ammonia nitrogen, followed by PEGN, CaCl _ 2 and activated carbon acid. The optimum concentrations of sodium alginate, polyethylene glycol (PEGN), activated carbon (AC) and calcium chloride (CaCl _ 2) were 2.5 and 81.5 and 4.3 respectively. Six experimental groups were designed in the experiment of combined treatment effect. They are: 1: a, simulated eutrophication water control group B, simulated eutrophication water free bacteria C, simulated eutrophication water immobilized bacteria D, simulated eutrophication water modularization water grass Ester, simulated eutrophication water body swimming, simulated eutrophication water body, simulated eutrophication water body immobilization, simulated eutrophication water body, simulated eutrophication water body. In order to simulate the immobilization of bacteria in eutrophication water body, the bacteria modulized water grass was immobilized. Each group had 3 parallels. The results showed that group F had the best removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, which was superior to other experimental groups. The total nitrogen removal rate, ammonia nitrogen removal rate and total phosphorus removal rate were 84.22, 99% and 41.24% respectively. According to the regression equation, the removal capacity of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and CODMN was FEDCB.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X17;X52

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