重庆市主城区及影响区人为源挥发性有机物排放清单研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 14:08

本文选题：人为源 + 挥发性有机物　；参考：《重庆工商大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：重庆是我国有着特殊山地地形的直辖市,也有着“老工业基地”的称号,一直以来,重庆是我国污染较重的城市。随着城市的进步与发展及工业企业的兴起,挥发性有机物(VOCs)在环境污染中起着举足轻重的作用。挥发性有机物是造成臭氧污染和PM2.5的前驱物,其本身也会对人类的身体健康造成不良影响。建立VOCs的排放清单有助于为政府制定减排政策提供依据,同时,VOCs排放清单是空气质量模型的重要输入参数,建立符合重庆的排放清单有利于空气质量的评价及为管理部门控制污染排放提供基础资料。本研究依据污染源分类系统对污染源进行了四级分类,通过污染源普查、统计年鉴、现场调研、相关文献、统计计算等方式获得基础资料,并对资料进行整合和筛选得到各污染源的活动水平和排放因子,采用现阶段使用最多的排放因子法建立了2015年重庆市主城区及影响区的人为源VOCs排放清单。依据上述方法得到重庆市主城区及影响区2015年人为源VOCs排放清单,并分析了VOCs排放特征,用排放比的方法对清单进行了验证,基于ArcGIS对清单进行了网格化,最终得到重庆市网格化精细化的排放清单。结果表明:2015年重庆市主城区及影响区人为源VOCs总排量为22.3万吨,其中生物质燃烧源、化石燃料燃烧源、工艺过程源、溶剂使用源和移动源分别为0.2万吨、0.6万吨、6.8万吨、8.4万吨、6.3万吨,贡献率分别为1.0%、2.5%、30.6%、37.8%、28.1%。排放量最大的三个区为渝北区、九龙坡区和壁山区,三区的排放量占总排放量的42.9%,排放最少的为大渡口区,排放量在1万吨以下。装备制造业涂装是VOCs排放贡献最大的一个行业,排放量为4.9万吨,占工业源总排放的46.7%。其次是橡胶塑料和冶金建材,排放量分别为2.2、1.0万吨,分别占行业排放的21.2%、9.7%。贡献最低的是家具制造,仅占行业总排放量的1.0%。除渝中区以移动源为主要贡献源外,其他各区的主要贡献源为工艺过程源和溶剂使用源。用蒙特卡洛模拟得到重庆市主城区及影响区VOCs排放量95%置信区间的不确定度为(-37.3%,+70.5%)。采用排放比的方法对VOCs清单进行验证得到整个重庆市人为源的VOCs排放量为29.4~67.2万吨。借助ArcGIS把各类污染源排放分配到分辨率为1km×1km的网格中,得到网格化清单。从空间分布来看,生物质燃烧源主要分布在渝中区、大渡口区、南岸区与巴南区交界及两个影响区。化石燃料燃烧源、工艺过程源、溶剂使用源的重点贡献源则分散在各个区,面源集中于渝中区及周边。移动源的VOCs重点排放区域为渝中区及各主干道、内环外环城市快速路。
[Abstract]:Chongqing is a municipality with special mountainous terrain and the title of "old industrial base". Chongqing is a polluted city in China all the time. With the progress and development of cities and the rise of industrial enterprises, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in environmental pollution. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are precursors of ozone pollution and PM2.5, which can also have adverse effects on human health. The establishment of VOCs emission inventories can provide a basis for governments to formulate emission reduction policies, and VOCs emission inventories are important input parameters for air quality models. The establishment of emission inventory in accordance with Chongqing is conducive to the assessment of air quality and provides basic data for the management department to control pollution emissions. According to the pollution source classification system, this study has classified the pollution source at four levels, and obtained the basic data by means of the pollution source census, statistical yearbook, field investigation, related documents, statistical calculation and so on. The activity level and emission factors of each pollution source were obtained by integrating and screening the data. The emission inventory of VOCs from the main urban area and the affected area of Chongqing in 2015 was established by using the most widely used emission factor method at the present stage. According to the above methods, the 2015 inventory of VOCs emission from human sources in the main urban area and the affected area of Chongqing is obtained, and the characteristics of VOCs emission are analyzed. The inventory is verified by the method of emission ratio, and the inventory is gridded based on ArcGIS. Finally, the detailed emission inventory of Chongqing is obtained. The results showed that the total anthropogenic emission of VOCs in Chongqing was 223000 tons in 2015, including biomass combustion source, fossil fuel combustion source and process source. The solvent using sources and moving sources were 2000 tons, 6000 tons, 68000 tons, 84000 tons and 63000 tons, respectively. The three districts with the largest emissions are Yubei District, Jiulong Slope District and Wall Mountain area. The three districts account for 42.9% of the total emissions, and the least one is Dadukou District, with emissions below 10,000 tons. Equipment manufacturing coating is the biggest contributor to VOCs emissions, with emissions of 49000 tons, accounting for 46.7 percent of total industrial emissions. The second was rubber, plastics and metallurgical building materials, with emissions of 2.2 tons and 10000 tons respectively, accounting for 21.2and 9.7t of the industry's emissions, respectively. The lowest contribution is furniture manufacturing, which accounts for only 1.0 percent of the industry's total emissions. In addition to Yuzhong District, the main contribution sources are process and solvent use. By Monte Carlo simulation, the uncertainty of 95% confidence interval of VOCs emission in the main urban area and the affected area of Chongqing was obtained. Using the emission ratio method to verify the VOCs inventory, the total emission of VOCs from anthropogenic sources in Chongqing was 29.4t ~ 672000 tons. With the aid of ArcGIS, the emission of various pollution sources is allocated to a grid with a resolution of 1km 脳 1km, and a grid list is obtained. From the spatial distribution, biomass combustion sources are mainly distributed in Yuzhong District, Dadukou District, Nanan District and Banan District and two influence areas. The key sources of fossil fuel combustion process and solvent use are scattered in various regions and the non-point sources are concentrated in and around Yuzhong District. The main emission areas of VOCs from moving sources are Yuzhong District and main roads, and the inner ring and outer ring urban expressway.
【学位授予单位】：重庆工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X701

【参考文献】