环境污染与城乡收入差距:作用机制与基于中国经济事实的检验

发布时间：2018-06-24 06:07

本文选题：环境污染 + 城乡收入差距　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年10期

【摘要】：环境污染是与居民健康水平紧密相关的,并且会导致处于不同收入阶层的居民的健康人力资本投资决策呈现出异质性特征,从而影响居民收入差距。本文通过构建跨期经济模型研究环境污染对城乡收入差距的影响,研究发现:环境污染导致城镇居民和农村居民出现相同比例的健康损害,这种损害会拉大城乡居民绝对收入差距;处于低收入阶层的农村居民应对环境污染带来的健康损害会进行相对较少的健康人力资本投资,因而城乡居民的健康水平差异会逐渐拉大,所以城乡收入的相对差距也会随着环境污染的加剧而扩大。基于理论研究结果,运用中国2002—2013年的省级面板数据进行实证研究发现:(1)环境污染对中国城乡收入差距的影响显著为正,并且基于人均二氧化硫排放量和人均废水化学需氧量排放量的计量检验结果是一致的,这表明研究结论是稳健的;(2)运用门槛面板模型的计量结果表明当滞后一期的城乡收入差距增加到临界点之后,环境污染对城乡收入差距的正效应会明显增强,表明环境污染对处于不同收入阶层的城镇居民和农村居民的健康人力资本投资决策有显著的影响,环境污染进一步拉大城乡居民的相对收入差距;(3)本文的研究结果证明了在教育、政府行为、城镇化等影响城乡收入差距的核心因素之外,环境污染也是影响中国城乡居民收入差距的显著性因素,并且其影响会随着环境污染的加剧和期初收入差距的拉大而变得更加严重,因此在治理中国城乡收入差距的过程中,相关政策应该平衡环境污染成本在城镇居民和农村居民之间的分配。
[Abstract]:Environmental pollution is closely related to the health level of residents, and will lead to the different characteristics of investment decisions of health human capital of residents in different income groups, thus affecting the income gap of residents. This paper studies the effect of environmental pollution on urban-rural income gap by constructing an intertemporal economic model. It is found that environmental pollution causes the same proportion of health damage to urban and rural residents. Such damage will widen the absolute income gap between urban and rural residents; rural residents in low-income groups will make relatively little investment in healthy human capital to deal with the health damage caused by environmental pollution. As a result, the difference of health level between urban and rural residents will gradually widen, so the relative income gap between urban and rural areas will expand with the intensification of environmental pollution. Based on the theoretical research results, the empirical study using provincial panel data from 2002 to 2013 shows that: (1) the impact of environmental pollution on the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is significantly positive. And on the basis of the results of the metrological tests of the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions per capita and the amount of chemical oxygen demand discharge from wastewater per capita, the results are consistent. This indicates that the conclusion of the study is robust. (2) the measurement results using threshold panel model show that the positive effect of environmental pollution on urban-rural income gap will be significantly enhanced when the lag urban-rural income gap increases to a critical point. The results show that environmental pollution has a significant impact on the investment decisions of healthy human capital of urban and rural residents in different income groups. Environmental pollution further widens the relative income gap between urban and rural residents. (3) the research results of this paper prove that, in addition to the core factors such as education, government behavior, urbanization and so on, which affect the income gap between urban and rural areas, Environmental pollution is also a significant factor affecting the income gap between urban and rural residents in China, and its impact will become more serious with the intensification of environmental pollution and the widening of income gap at the beginning of the period. Therefore, in the process of controlling the income gap between urban and rural areas in China, Policies should balance the distribution of environmental pollution costs between urban and rural residents.
【作者单位】：河南大学统计学博士后流动站;河南大学经济学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“与环境污染相关的健康不平等研究”(批准号:15YJCZH139)
【分类号】：F124.7;X22

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