典型抗生素对废水处理过程的影响及机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 19:11

本文选题：抗生素 + 硝化　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：抗生素在我国乃至世界范围内被大量使用,由此对自然环境造成了一定的污染。这些被人类或牲畜排泄出的抗生素会通过城市污水系统及雨水径流等方式进入到一些污水处理厂中。本文主要研究了几种典型抗生素对传统的硝化反硝化废水处理过程以及新型的单级亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化废水处理过程的影响,以及这几种典型抗生素在这两种废水处理过程中的最终去向。具体的结论如下:(1)研究了硝化-反硝化反应器及单级亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动。三个活性污泥反应器运行20天后,反应器的COD与氨氮去除率都能稳定在95%左右,反应器出水中无亚硝酸盐氮,只有少量的硝酸盐氮,说明了硝化-反硝化反应器完成启动。同时研究了序批式反应器中亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应的启动。当氮负荷低于168 g-N m-3 d-1时,亚硝化反应与厌氧氨氧化反应在序批式反应器中能够成功耦合,反应器的氨氮去除率和总氮去除率分别能达到98%和80%。然而当氮负荷达到168 g-N m-3 d-1时,单级亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应会被破坏,氨氮去除率和总氮去除率分别下降了8%和20%。(2)研究了阿散酸(ASA)和盐酸氨丙啉(AMP)对硝化-反硝化过程的影响。100 mg L-1的ASA和AMP会使反应器内的COD去除率降低并且抑制硝化作用,其中COD去除率和氨氮去除率分别降低了25%和35%左右。磷酸盐的去除过程并不受ASA和AMP浓度变化的影响,磷酸盐去除率始终保持在60%左右。此外,ASA和AMP对COD去除过程的抑制是可逆的,而对硝化作用的抑制是不可逆的。AMP几乎不能被序批式反应器降解,只有少量的ASA能够被降解成无机砷。16S rDNA测序分析的结果表明了100 mg L-1的ASA会对活性污泥的微生物群落和多样性产生显著地影响。(3)研究了磺胺喹恶啉钠(SQ-Na)、土霉素(OTC)和阿散酸(ASA)共同对单级亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化过程的影响。当反应器中SQ-Na、OTC和ASA的浓度都达到5 mg L-1时,单级亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应过程中的亚硝化反应和厌氧氨氧化反应均受到了抑制,氨氮去除率和总氮去除率分别下降了8%和20%左右。并且其对亚硝化反应的抑制是不可逆的。在氨氧化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌的活性受到抑制时,亚硝酸盐氧化菌的活性则开始逐渐恢复,导致反应器中出水硝酸盐氮的含量上升了6 mg L-1左右。单级亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应器对SQ-Na、OTC和ASA几乎没有降解作用。
[Abstract]:Antibiotics are widely used in China and the world, which pollutes the natural environment. These antibiotics, which are excreted by humans or livestock, enter some sewage treatment plants through urban sewerage systems and Rain Water runoff. In this paper, the effects of several typical antibiotics on the treatment of traditional nitrification-denitrification wastewater and a new type of single-stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation wastewater were studied. And the final destination of these antibiotics in the treatment of these two kinds of wastewater. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the start-up of nitrification-denitrification reactor and single-stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor were studied. After 20 days of operation, the COD and ammonia nitrogen removal rates of the three activated sludge reactors were all stable at about 95%. There was no nitrite nitrogen in the effluent of the reactor and only a small amount of nitrate nitrogen, which indicated that the nitrification-denitrification reactor was completed. At the same time, the start-up of nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction in sequencing batch reactor was studied. When the nitrogen loading is below 168g-N m-3d-1, the reaction of nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation can be coupled successfully in the sequencing batch reactor. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen can reach 98% and 80% respectively. However, when the nitrogen load reaches 168g-N m-3d-1, the single-stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction will be destroyed. The ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiency and total nitrogen removal efficiency decreased by 8% and 20% respectively. (2) the effects of arabinic acid (ASA) and aminoproline hydrochloride (AMP) on the nitrification-denitrification process were studied. ASA and AMP of 100 mg L-1 decreased the COD removal rate and inhibited nitrification in the reactor. The removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen decreased by 25% and 35% respectively. The phosphate removal process was not affected by the concentration of ASA and AMP, and the removal rate of phosphate was about 60%. In addition, the inhibition of COD removal by ASA and AMP is reversible, while the inhibition of nitrification is irreversible. AMP can hardly be degraded by sequencing batch reactor. Only a small amount of ASA could be degraded into inorganic arsenic. 16s rDNA sequencing results showed that 100 mg L-1 ASA significantly affected the microbial community and diversity of activated sludge. (3) sulfamethoxaline sodium (SQ-Na), oxytetracycline (OTC) were studied. The effect of arsanilic acid (ASA) on the single stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process. When the concentrations of SQ-NaOTC and ASA in the reactor reached 5 mg L-1, both the nitrosation and anammoxidation were inhibited during the single-stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction. Ammonia removal rate and total nitrogen removal rate decreased by 8% and 20% respectively. The inhibition of nitrosation is irreversible. When the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was inhibited, the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria began to recover gradually, which led to the increase of nitrate and nitrogen content in the effluent of the reactor by about 6 mg L-1. The single stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor has little degradation effect on SQ-NaOTC and ASA.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

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