我国生态环境发展中的科技应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 11:11

本文选题：生态环境 + 科技　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：一百多年前,马克思提出,科学是推动社会进步的根本力量,科技是第一生产力,也是推动经济社会发展的重要动力。科学技术的飞速发展以及在经济社会各个领域的广泛应用,人类进入了以科技为主导的时代。科技是一把双刃剑,这种“双刃剑效应”在今天更加突出。当我们翻开人类发展史,尤其是近代史我们会发现科技的发展对生态环境的影响是十分明显的。人类在利用科技的发展成果时却破坏自然的生态平衡。生态学的不足使得传统的创新发展观和机械世界观与传统的经济增长观相一致,也就是单向经济价值取向,即向大自然索取,这种组织原则和技术原则违反了生态系统平衡,在实践中就会引起生态环境的不断恶化。在这种传统科技观引导下,技术变成了人类不断控制自然和征服自然的工具,也成为了造成自然生态危机的“元凶”,所以弄清科技发展和生态环境之间的关系,并寻找破解二者相互制约的方法与途径成为了我们人类的当务之急。全面准确地认识并把握生态环境发展中的科技应用,有效预防科技对生态环境的负效应,是解决“双刃剑效应”的最好办法。面对自然资源的不断耗竭和生态系统不断遭到破坏,我们必须要树立尊重自然、顺应自然和保护自然的生态理念,同时还要用科技的手段促进人与自然和谐可持续发展。本文首先对人类社会不同时期人与自然关系的变化加以梳理,总结出科技不断进步但生态环境却日益恶化这样一个基本特征。通过对生态环境与科技逆向发展的反思,理清科技进步对生态环境的影响。在此基础上,本文从技术自身的反自然性、社会标准对技术选择的影响、科技人员环境伦理意识的淡薄、环境监管中的科技缺位四方面阐述了科技生态负效应产生的原因。据此,本文提出了环境保护中科技应用的具体对策,包括科技发展方向的新定位、推动以“可持续”为核心的科技创新、发挥科技环境伦理的导向作用、增强环境监管的科学性等内容,期望本文的研究能为更好地发挥科技的力量,加强环境的保护和改善贡献一己之力。
[Abstract]:More than 100 years ago, Marx put forward that science is the fundamental force to promote social progress, science and technology is the first productive force, and it is also an important driving force to promote economic and social development. With the rapid development of science and technology and its wide application in various fields of economy and society, mankind has entered an era dominated by science and technology. Science and technology is a double-edged sword, this "double-edged sword effect" in today's more prominent. When we look into the history of human development, especially the modern history, we will find that the impact of the development of science and technology on the ecological environment is very obvious. Human beings use the achievements of science and technology to destroy the ecological balance of nature. The deficiency of ecology makes the traditional concept of innovative development and mechanical world outlook consistent with the traditional view of economic growth, that is, one-way economic value orientation, that is to say, take from nature. This kind of organization principle and technical principle violate the balance of ecosystem. In practice, it will cause the deterioration of the ecological environment. Guided by this traditional view of science and technology, technology has become a tool for human beings to constantly control and conquer nature, and has also become the "prime culprit" in causing the natural ecological crisis. Therefore, it is clear about the relationship between the development of science and technology and the ecological environment. And to find ways and means to solve the mutual constraints between the two has become an urgent task for us. The best way to solve the "double-edged sword effect" is to fully and accurately understand and grasp the application of science and technology in the development of ecological environment and effectively prevent the negative effects of science and technology on ecological environment. In the face of the depletion of natural resources and the destruction of ecosystem, we must set up the ecological concept of respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature, and at the same time, we must promote the harmonious and sustainable development between man and nature by the means of science and technology. This paper firstly combs the changes of the relationship between man and nature in different periods of human society, and summarizes the basic characteristic of the continuous progress of science and technology but the worsening of ecological environment. Through reflection on the reverse development of ecological environment and science and technology, the influence of scientific and technological progress on ecological environment is clarified. On this basis, this paper expounds the reasons for the negative effects of science and technology ecology from four aspects: the anti-natural nature of technology itself, the influence of social standards on the choice of technology, the weak awareness of environmental ethics of scientific and technological personnel, and the absence of science and technology in environmental supervision. On the basis of this, this paper puts forward the concrete countermeasures for the application of science and technology in environmental protection, including the new orientation of the development direction of science and technology, promoting the scientific and technological innovation with the core of "sustainable", and giving play to the guiding role of scientific and technological environmental ethics. It is expected that the research in this paper will contribute to the better development of science and technology, strengthen the protection of the environment and improve the environment.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X22

【参考文献】