典型区域邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及环境风险

发布时间：2018-07-08 21:13

本文选题：邻苯二甲酸酯 + 典型区域　；参考：《华北电力大学(北京)》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalate esters, PAEs)又称酞酸酯,是一种典型的环境激素类污染物。大部分邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物具有雌激素作用,能干扰动物性激素的分泌合成,影响生物的生长发育。PAEs通常被作为增塑剂广泛地使用于塑料和其它行业中。近年来,国内外大量研究报道了PAEs的环境存在,但是对特征行业PAEs的环境污染研究有限,而这些区域很可能存在严重的PAEs污染。因此,选取废旧塑料回收利用地和童装加工区为研究区域,分析PAEs的污染水平、同系物组成及可能来源,评价健康风险和生态风险,以期为我国PAEs污染控制和风险管理提供科学依据。调查了河北某废旧塑料回收利用地沉积物中16种PAEs的污染特征和生态风险。结果表明,废旧塑料回收利用地土壤中Σ_(16)PAEs含量0.321-43.3μg/g,平均为6.26μg/g。邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP),邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为PAEs污染的主要同系物,其中DEHP对总量贡献率最大,平均为67.6%。废旧塑料回收利用过程中的污染排放是该研究区土壤中PAEs的主要来源。对美国EPA和欧盟优先控制的6种PAEs(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯)同系物进行了风险评价,成人和儿童对DEHP暴露的致癌风险超出了可接受水平。对废旧塑料回收利用地沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯污染水平及分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,16种PAEs的(Σ_(16)PAEs)为0.527-102 μg/g,平均含量为18.9μg/g, DEHP是PAEs最主要的污染单体(平均占总含量66.6%)。来源分析表明,沉积物中PAEs主要来源于废旧塑料回收利用过程中环境排放。沉积物中DEHP和DBP浓度超过环境风险限值(ERLs), DIBP浓度超过美国华盛顿州颁布的沉积物质量警戒线。水生生物风险评价结果显示,沉积物中DEHP和DBP分别对藻类和鱼类的生态风险水平不可接受。童装加工区域土壤中PAEs的总含量为0.186-16.0μg/g,均值和中位数分别为1.12μg/g和0.421μg/g。DEHP平均含量为0.800μg/g,是PAEs最主要的污染单体(平均质量浓度贡献率为65.4%)。土壤中PAEs主要来源于纺织染料助剂,也可能受到聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl chloride, PVC)织物的影响。人体健康风险表明,DEHP对成人和儿童的致癌风险超出可接受水平。童装加工区域灰尘中16种邻苯二甲酸酯总含量(Σ_(16)PAEs)为1.11-18.6μg/g,均值为6.05μg/g。DEHP含量为0.713-17.0 μg/g,均值为4.80μg/g,平均占总含量的78.0%,是最主要的污染物单体。童装加工区域灰尘中PAEs最主要来源可能是汽车轮胎,其次可能是纺织品染料助剂中PAEs的排放,也可能受PVC制品的影响。人体健康风险表明,童装加工区域灰尘中PAEs对人体的非致癌风险可接受,DEHP和BBP对人体的致癌风险也可接受。
[Abstract]:Phthalate esters (PAEs), also called phthalates, are typical environmental hormone pollutants. Most phthalates have estrogenic effects, which interfere with the secretion and synthesis of animal sex hormones, and affect the growth and development of organisms. PAEs are commonly used as plasticizers in plastics and other industries. In recent years, a large number of studies at home and abroad have reported the existence of PAEs, but the study on the environmental pollution of PAEs in characteristic industries is limited, and there may be serious PAEs pollution in these areas. Therefore, the waste plastic recycling area and children's clothing processing area were selected as the research area, the pollution level, composition and possible source of PAEs were analyzed, and the health risk and ecological risk were evaluated. In order to provide scientific basis for PAEs pollution control and risk management in China. The pollution characteristics and ecological risk of 16 kinds of PAEs in sediments of a waste plastic recycling site in Hebei Province were investigated. The results showed that the amount of 危 _ (16) PAEs in soil was 0.321-43.3 渭 g / g, with an average of 6.26 渭 g / g. Di (2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were the main congeners of PAEs pollution. The main source of PAEs in the soil of the study area is the pollution discharge during the recycling of waste plastics. Six kinds of PAEs (dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, Ding Ji benzyl phthalate, bis (2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate) were first controlled by US EPA and EU. A risk evaluation of the di-octyl phthalate congener was performed and the carcinogenic risk of DEHP exposure in adults and children exceeded acceptable levels. The pollution level and distribution of phthalate in sediments of waste plastics were studied. The results showed that (危 _ (16) PAEs) of 16 PAEs were 0.527-102 渭 g / g and the average content was 18.9 渭 g / g. DEHP was the most important pollutant monomer of PAEs (average 66.6%). Source analysis showed that PAEs in sediments were mainly from environmental discharge during recycling of waste plastics. The concentrations of DEHP and DBP in sediments exceed the environmental risk limit (ERLs), and the concentration of DIBP exceeds the sediment quality warning line issued by Washington State. The results of aquatic biological risk assessment showed that DEHP and DBP in sediments were unacceptable to algae and fish respectively. The total content of PAEs in soil was 0.186-16.0 渭 g / g, the mean and median values were 1.12 渭 g / g and 0.421 渭 g / g 路DEHP, respectively, which were 0.800 渭 g / g, which was the main pollutant monomer of PAEs (the contribution rate of average mass concentration was 65.4%). PAEs in soil are mainly derived from textile dye auxiliaries and may also be affected by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fabrics. Human health risks suggest that DEHP has a higher than acceptable risk of cancer in adults and children. The total content of 16 phthalates (危 _ (16) PAEs) was 1.11-18.6 渭 g / g in the dust of children's clothing processing area, the mean value was 6.05 渭 g / g 路DEHP was 0.713-17.0 渭 g / g, the mean value was 4.80 渭 g / g, which accounted for 78.0 渭 g / g of the total content, and was the most important pollutant monomer. The main source of PAEs in the dust of children's clothing processing area may be the automobile tire, the next may be the PAEs emission from the textile dye auxiliaries, or may be affected by PVC products. Human health risk indicated that PAEs in dust of children's clothing processing area could accept the non-carcinogenic risk of human body and the carcinogenic risk of DEHP and BBP to human body.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X592

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