炭化玉米芯吸附材料的研制及在室内甲醛中的吸附应用

发布时间：2018-07-10 03:16

  本文选题：玉米芯 + 炭化　； 参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代人群对于居住环境氛围要求越来越高,人们开始不断追求更为新奇的装修、建筑材料,以此不仅能带来外观的华美,更能体现居住环境的多功能性,但正是这些新奇的装修、建筑材料却给室内居住环境的空气质量带去了危害,使得甲醛、苯及苯系物等一系列空气污染物的浓度超标。生物炭材料因其经济、制备流程简单、原料易得、比表面积高、孔隙丰富,使其成为了当下应用最广泛的吸附材料。因而,本论文选取了农林废弃物玉米芯为原材料,经改性、炭化后制备得到炭化材料,并开展其对于空气中甲醛污染气体的吸附性能。课题以玉米芯为原材料,探究不同炭化过程、不同修饰过程所制得炭化玉米芯材料。同时研究不同的炭化温度、炭化时间、在饱和亚硫酸氢钠浸泡时间等对制备炭化玉米芯材料及其对甲醛气体的吸附效果的影响。同时将其制成口罩和炭化材料包应用在室内甲醛气体的吸附效果研究。1、通过自制甲醛微型实验舱装置,得到了玉米芯的最佳炭化温度为600℃、炭化时间为1.5h,此时得到炭化玉米芯材料对甲醛的吸附效果最好,吸附率为53.34%。2、炭化玉米芯材料的最优化修饰条件为:将玉米芯切碎后洗净表面可溶物和杂质后于烘箱内70℃烘干表面水分,粉碎至30目,后使用3mol/L Zn Cl_2润胀24小时后烘干,将材料放入马弗炉,高温600℃炭化1.5小时,制备得到的炭化玉米芯材料浸泡在饱和Na_2CO_3溶液中1小时后,再放入亚硫酸氢钠饱和溶液中浸泡1.5小时后,低温(75℃)烘干3小时保存备用,制得炭化玉米芯吸附材料,对于甲醛的吸附率可达88.45%3、通过与分子筛、颗粒活性炭、粉末活性炭、柚子皮等材料对于甲醛的吸附效果做对比,炭化玉米芯吸附材料具有最好的甲醛吸附效果,其吸附效果排序为:炭化玉米芯吸附材料颗粒活性炭柚子皮粉末活性炭分子筛。4、应用于口罩膜的炭化玉米芯材料与市售的两种活性炭口罩取活性炭膜的甲醛吸收作用效果中,3M公司生产的9913V口罩拥有最好的吸附效果,达到63.06%,而当本实验制得的炭化玉米芯材料膜质量为0.4519g时,甲醛吸附率为41.67%,质量为0.8758g时,甲醛吸附率为51.11%。5、应用于炭化玉米芯炭包的甲醛吸收中,当炭化玉米芯炭包重量为1.2g时,其对于测试房间的甲醛吸附率达到最大,吸附率为54.17%,比起现有市售的活性炭包材料在同等条件下的吸附率高出17.92%。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demands of modern people for the living environment, people began to pursue more novel decoration, building materials, so as not only to bring the appearance of beauty, but also to reflect the versatility of the living environment. But it is these novel decoration that the building materials bring harm to the air quality of indoor living environment and make the concentration of a series of air pollutants such as formaldehyde benzene and benzenes exceed the standard. Because of its economy, simple preparation process, easy access to raw materials, high specific surface area and abundant pores, biochar has become the most widely used adsorption material. Therefore, the corncob from agriculture and forestry was selected as raw material, which was modified and carbonized to obtain the carbonized material, and the adsorption property of corncob for formaldehyde pollution in air was carried out. In this paper, corncob was used as raw material and carbonized corncob was prepared by different carbonization process and different modification process. The effects of different carbonization temperature, carbonization time and saturated sodium bisulfite soaking time on the preparation of carbonized corncob and its adsorption on formaldehyde gas were studied. At the same time, it was made into a mask and a carbonized material bag was used to study the adsorption effect of formaldehyde gas in the room. The optimum carbonization temperature of corncob was 600 鈩，

本文编号：2111819