福建省惠安县环境规制体系完善研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 09:35

本文选题：环境规制 + 规制体系　；参考：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,伴随着经济社会的高速发展,环境污染问题也愈加频繁地出现在人们面前。目前我国环境形势严峻,环境规制面临着巨大的压力。县域是我国环境规制的实施终端,也是环境恶化和生态破坏最严重的区域,因此县域环境规制是我国环境规制的基础和重点,其有效性直接影响着规制的效果和效率。本文分析认为,环境规制体系的完善程度是影响政府环境规制有效性的主要制度因素,并从环境规制政策、环境规制机构、环境监察三方面讨论了环境规制体系与环境规制有效性的关系。通过理论联合实际,选取福建省惠安县为研究对象,分析其环境规制体系存在问题:一是规制政策层面,命令-控制型的环境政策手段单一且缺乏激励、以市场为导向的激励型规制政策效果有限;二是规制机构层面,“双重指导”体制下的工作障碍、环保职能部门之间缺乏协调配合、环境监察队伍存在短板;三是环境监察层面,环境监察力度不足、公众参与不足。造成这些问题的原因:一是规制政策层面,命令-控制型的环境政策缺乏创新、激励型规制政策的相关配套不完善;二是规制机构层面,环境规制机构缺乏独立性、部门权责不清及协调机制缺失、环境监察能力建设落后;三是环境监察层面,环境监察模式单一且奖惩机制不健全、环保相关信息不对称。完善惠安县环境规制体系的对策:一是规制政策层面,完善并创新命令-控制型环境政策手段、健全激励型规制政策的相关配套;二是规制机构层面,深化环境规制体制改革、建立环保相关部门协调机制、加强基层环境监察能力建设;三是环境监察层面,实施多元化环境监察模式并健全奖惩机制、加强宣传并强化公众参与。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of economy and society, the problem of environmental pollution appears more and more frequently in front of people. At present, China's environmental situation is grim, environmental regulation is facing tremendous pressure. County is the terminal of environmental regulation in our country, and it is also the most serious area of environmental deterioration and ecological destruction. Therefore, county environmental regulation is the basis and focus of environmental regulation in China, and its effectiveness directly affects the effect and efficiency of regulation. This paper analyzes that the degree of perfection of environmental regulation system is the main institutional factor that affects the effectiveness of government environmental regulation, and from the environmental regulation policy, environmental regulation agency, The relationship between the system of environmental regulation and the effectiveness of environmental regulation is discussed in three aspects of environmental supervision. Through the combination of theory and practice, this paper selects Huian County of Fujian Province as the research object, analyzes the existing problems of its environmental regulation system: first, the regulatory policy level, the command-control environmental policy means single and lack of incentives. The effect of the market-oriented incentive regulation policy is limited, the second is the regulation organization level, the working obstacle under the "double guidance" system, the lack of coordination and coordination among the environmental protection functional departments, and the shortage of the environmental supervision team. Third, environmental monitoring level, environmental monitoring is insufficient, public participation is insufficient. The reasons for these problems are as follows: first, the regulatory policy level, command-control environmental policy lack of innovation, incentive regulatory policies related to imperfect; second, regulatory agency level, environmental regulatory agencies lack independence, The responsibility of the department is not clear and the coordination mechanism is missing, the construction of the environmental supervision capacity is backward; third, the environmental supervision level is single, the reward and punishment mechanism is not perfect, the environmental protection related information is not symmetrical. The countermeasures to perfect the environmental regulation system in Huian County are as follows: first, at the level of regulation policy, perfecting and innovating the means of command-control environmental policy, perfecting the relevant supporting set of incentive regulation policy; second, deepening the reform of environmental regulation system at the level of regulation institution. Establish coordination mechanism of environmental protection related departments, strengthen the capacity construction of environmental supervision at the grass-roots level, third, implement diversified environmental monitoring model, perfect reward and punishment mechanism, strengthen publicity and strengthen public participation.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X321

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