汉江上游纤毛虫群落结构及与环境理化因子的关系

发布时间：2018-07-21 21:16

【摘要】：【目的】研究汉江上游纤毛虫群落结构,为汉江上游水环境保护和水产养殖提供基础资料。【方法】在汉江上游汉中市境内的烈金坝、梁西渡、南柳渡、蒙家渡和黄金峡5个采样点,于2013年1,3,5,7,9,11月份分别采集10~20cm水样,统计各样点水体中的纤毛虫种类数、丰度、多样性指数(Id)和Pantle-Buck污生指数(Is),分析环境理化因子与纤毛虫群落参数之间的相关性。【结果】从5个采样点共鉴定到纤毛虫98种(包括6个未定名种),隶属于3纲12目39科45属。其中前口目、下毛目均为优势类群,膜口目、盾纤目为次优势类群,其余目为常见类群。从物种分布来看,黄金峡纤毛虫物种数最为丰富,为47种;其次为南柳渡,有45种,蒙家渡、梁西渡、烈金坝的物种数分别为43,41和35种;从各物种的相对丰度来看,汉江上游水体纤毛虫的优势种为毛板壳虫、钝漫游虫、钩刺斜管虫、食藻斜管虫、珍珠映毛虫、长圆膜袋虫、天蓝喇叭虫、叶绿尖毛虫和有肋io纤虫,纤毛虫丰度为20 493~85 872个/L,多样性指数和Pantle-Buck污生指数分别为3.73~4.66和1.38~1.73。相关性分析表明,汉江上游水体纤毛虫的物种数与NH+3-N质量浓度呈显著正相关(P0.05);丰度与NH+3-N质量浓度、NO-3-N质量浓度呈显著正相关(P0.05),且与BOD5呈极显著正相关(P0.01);污生指数与NH+3-N质量浓度、NO-3-N质量浓度、CODcr及BOD5呈显著正相关(P0.05),但与DO呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。【结论】汉江上游水质自源头向下游呈现出"清洁-轻度污染-中等污染-轻度污染"的变化趋势,对汉江上游水体纤毛虫群落影响最大的环境理化因子是NH+3-N,其次是NO-3-N和BOD5,CODcr和DO的影响相对较小。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the community structure of ciliates in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River, and to provide basic data for the protection of water environment and aquaculture in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River. 10~20cm water samples were collected from 5 sampling sites in Mengjiadu and Jinxia in November 2013, and the ciliate species and abundance were counted. Diversity index (ID) and Pantle-Buck pollution index (is) were used to analyze the correlation between environmental physical and chemical factors and ciliates community parameters. [results] 98 species of ciliates (including 6 unknown species) were identified from 5 sampling sites, belonging to 3 classes, 12 orders, 39 families, 45 genera. Among them, prephalophora and Hypotrichidae are dominant groups, membranous order, Astrophylla are subdominant groups, and others are common groups. In terms of species distribution, the species number of ciliates in Jinxia is the most abundant (47 species), followed by Nanliudu (45 species), Mengjiadu (45 species), Liangxidu (35 species) and Liangjingba (35 species). The dominant species of ciliates in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River are sheathworms, blunt roaming insects, trapezoides, algae-eating trapezoids, pearl caterpillars, sachenodes, vermilion, leafy caterpillars and costal fiberworms. The abundance of ciliates was 20 493 / L / L, and the diversity index and Pantle-Buck pollution index were 3.73 ~ 4.66 and 1.38 ~ 1.73, respectively. Correlation analysis shows that The species number of ciliates was positively correlated with NH _ 3-N concentration (P0.05), abundance was positively correlated with NH _ 3-N concentration (P 0.05) and BOD5 (P0.01), and pollution index was significantly correlated with NH _ 3-N concentration (P < 0.05). The concentrations of CODcr and BOD5 were positively correlated (P0.05), but negatively correlated with do (P0.01). [conclusion] the water quality of the upper reaches of Hanjiang River showed a trend of "clean-light pollution-moderate pollution-light pollution" from the source to the lower reaches. NH _ 3-N was the most important environmental physical and chemical factor, followed by NO-3-N and BOD5 CODcr and do.
【作者单位】：陕西理工大学化学与环境科学学院;陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心;
【基金】：秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心自然科学项目(QBXT-Z-(P)-15-8) 汉中市汉台区社会发展攻关项目(2015-K22)
【分类号】：Q958.8;X52

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