2015年泰安市农村环境卫生监测结果分析

发布时间：2018-07-22 13:14

【摘要】：目的了解泰安市农村环境卫生状况,掌握农村环境卫生健康危害因素的水平,为政府制定政策措施提供科学依据。方法严格遵循简单随机抽样的方法,分层随机抽取3个县,每个县随机选择5个乡镇(不含城关镇),每个乡镇随机选择4个行政村作为监测点,共调查了60个行政村,填写统一的调查表格。对获得的监测数据采用Excel2003、SPSS16.0进行统计学分析。结果 (1)60个监测村的经济来源主要以种植业为主,占81.7%(49/60);60%(36/60)的村道路硬化;21.7%(13/60)的村内河道沟渠通畅、无垃圾、杂物;88.3%(53/60)的村是非卫生村。93.3%的村(56/60)已实现集中式供水,覆盖人口占总人口的93.5%,水源类型以深井(92.9%)为主,89.3%未处理;分散式供水覆盖人口6.5%,水源类型以深井、泉水、浅井各占33.3%,机器取水占83.3%。卫生户厕普及率39.2%。60.0%(36/60)的村生活垃圾统一收集,40.0%(24/60)的村定点堆放,处理方式93.3%为再利用;66.7%(40/60)的村生活污水未经处理就直接排放,绝大部分污水随意排放至坑塘(50.0%)和河流(41.7%)。所有的监测村均有环境卫生经费投入及卫生专/兼职保洁人员,93.3%(56/60)的村有环境卫生管理制度,95.0%(57/60)的村对环境卫生管理做过专门规划,95.0%(57/60)的村有开展环境卫生相关宣传教育。15.0%的村开展过灭鼠工作,10.0%的村开展过灭蝇工作,5%的村开展过灭蚊工作,1.7%的村开展过灭蟑工作。(2)农田土壤蛔虫卵阳性率31.7%,活蛔虫卵阳性率6.7%。3.33%的土壤铬、镉含量超标。结论泰安市监测县农村环境卫生状况总体良好,但在卫生厕所普及、污水处理以及病媒生物控制工作方面较薄弱,农田土壤有重金属超标情况,加强农村卫生厕所和污水管网的建设,加大病媒生物控制工作力度,改善农田土壤环境质量,是今后工作的重点。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the situation of rural environmental hygiene in Taian city, and to understand the level of environmental health hazards in rural areas, and to provide scientific basis for the government to formulate policies and measures. Methods according to the method of simple random sampling, 3 counties were randomly selected, 5 towns (excluding Chengguan Town) were randomly selected in each county, and 4 administrative villages were randomly selected as monitoring points in each county. A total of 60 administrative villages were investigated. Fill in a uniform survey form. The monitoring data were statistically analyzed by Excel 2003 SPSS 16.0. Results (1) planting was the main source of income in 60 monitoring villages, accounting for 81.7% (49 / 60) or 60% (36 / 60) of the villages' roads hardened, 21.7% (13 / 60) of the villages were clear, garbage free, 88.3% (5360) of the villages were non-sanitary villages, 93.3% of the villages (56 / 60) had realized centralized water supply. The covered population accounts for 93.5. the type of water source is mainly deep-well (92.9%), the type of water supply is mainly deep-well (92.9%), the type of distributed water supply covers population 6.5. the type of water source is 33.3% for deep well, spring water and shallow well, and 83.3% for machine water. 39.2% (36 / 60) of the household sanitary toilets were collected and stored in 40.0% (24 / 60) of the villages, and 93.3% of them were reused, 66.7% (40 / 60) of the village's domestic sewage was discharged directly without treatment, and most of the sewage was discharged randomly to the pit (50.0%) and the river (41.7%). All monitoring villages have environmental health funds and 93. 3% (56 / 60) of health / part-time cleaning personnel have environmental hygiene management systems. 95. 0% (57 / 60) of villages have made special plans for environmental health management, and 95. 0% (57 / 60) of villages have carried out environmental hygiene related propaganda and education. 15.0% of the villages had carried out anti-rodent work. 10.0% of the villages had carried out anti-flies work. 1.7% of the villages had carried out anti-mosquito work. (2) the positive rate of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in farmland was 31.77.The positive rate of ascaris eggs was 6.7.3.33% of soil chromium. The cadmium content exceeds the standard. Conclusion the environmental hygiene condition in rural areas of Taian City is good, but it is weak in sanitary latrines, sewage treatment and vector biological control, and the heavy metals in farmland soil are over standard. Strengthening the construction of rural sanitary latrines and sewerage networks, increasing the work of vector biological control, and improving the quality of farmland soil environment are the key work in the future.
【作者单位】：泰安市疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R127

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