水生态的物种敏感性风险评价方法改进及应用

发布时间：2018-07-25 08:01

【摘要】：水体受人为活动特别是化学品影响,出现水体藻华、物种减少、生态功能破坏等现象,存在水生态风险,亟需解决如何用有限的实验室数据预测野外水生态风险。本研究以改进水生态物种影响风险评价方法为目标,在物种敏感性分布法(Species sensitivity distributions,SSDs)、种间相关性分析(Interspecies correlation estimation models,ICE)和急慢性比率法(Acute to chronic ratios,ACRs)的基础上,选取藻毒素和抗生素为典型污染物,筛选文献及全球数据库中毒理实验数据,改进ICE/ACR-SSD联用水生态风险评估模型,评价中国某些水体藻毒素和抗生素的生态风险。试图明晰水生态系统受到的物种多样性风险程度,为水环境质量管理提供决策支持。主要研究结果如下:(1)改进了四种藻毒素的水生态风险评估ICE-SSD联用模型。选择肝毒素和神经毒素两类藻毒素,取肝毒素中的节球藻毒素和柱孢藻毒素、神经毒素中的类毒素和贝毒素作为4种藻毒素代表,查阅Web of Science收录的1864-2016年间1629篇相关文献、ECOTOX毒性数据库,收集毒性数据,并通过ICE模型外推未知物种急性毒性数据共得到64个水生生物物种的71组急性毒性数据(LC50/EC50),改进水生生物ICE-SSD方程;以保护95%物种为目标,计算藻毒素的水生态风险阈值(Hazardous concentration for 5%of species,HC5)以及不同浓度暴露下的潜在影响比例(Potentially affected fraction,PAF)。结果显示:肝毒素和神经毒素对水生物种的敏感性未呈显著差异规律,肝毒素中的节球藻毒素、柱孢藻毒素和神经毒素中的类毒素、贝毒素对全部物种的HC5值分别为74.96μg·L-1、205.39μg·L-1、194.39μg·L-1、0.3μg·L-1;贝毒素在水环境暴露浓度下带来的水生态风险最大,贝毒素在检出浓度范围1-100μg·L-1下PAF值为7.8-43.2%,这与贝毒素因阻碍细胞离子通道作用而产生最高毒性的研究结果相一致。(2)改进了六种抗生素的水生态风险评估ACR-SSD联用模型。选择磺胺类、四环素类和大环内脂类三类抗生素,以磺胺类中的磺胺甲恶唑和磺胺二甲嘧啶、四环素类中的四环素和氧四环素、大环内脂类中的红霉素和罗红霉素为6种抗生素代表,查阅ECOTOX和WikiPharma毒性数据库、Web of Science和中国知网收录的1864-2016年间7045篇相关文献,收集毒性数据,通过ACR法计算未知物种的慢性毒性数据,共得到79个水生生物物种的144组慢性毒性数据(LOEC/NOEC),改进水生生物ACR-SSD方程;分析抗生素对全部物种的HC5阈值和模拟浓度暴露情境下的PAF值,并进一步分析毒性较大的四环素和红霉素对水生初级生产者的风险程度。结果显示:磺胺类、四环素类和大环内脂类抗生素对水生物种的敏感性未呈显著差异规律,其中以大环内脂类中的红霉素水生态风险最高、四环素类中的四环素水生态风险次高;磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、四环素、氧四环素、红霉素和罗红霉素对全部物种的HC5值分别为34.98μg·L-1、555.64μg·L-1、10.95μg·L-1、60.87μg·L-1、2.08μg·L-1、19.44μg·L-1;水生初级生产者对红霉素的敏感性较高,红霉素在水环境浓度5μg·L-1下对初级生产者的PAF值为19.16%,结果与相关研究认为初级生产者是更易受抗生素影响的水生物种结论相一致。(3)评价了两种藻毒素和四种抗生素分别在中国某些水库和河流中对物种的影响,结果呈非显著生态风险。查阅Web of Science和中国知网收录的1864-2016年间5831篇相关文献,获取广东省水濂山水库柱孢藻毒素和河北省洋河水库类毒素的污染浓度监测数据、筛选长江(三角洲地区)磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、四环素、氧四环素4种抗生素和珠江(三角洲地区)磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、红霉素、罗红霉素4种抗生素的污染浓度监测数据;分别采用ICE-SSD、ACR-SSD联用模型计算藻毒素和抗生素的PAF值。结果显示:广东省水濂山水库柱孢藻毒素和河北省洋河水库类毒素的水生态风险不显著,柱孢藻毒素和类毒素对全部物种的PAF分别为0.1%、0.01%,均低于美国环保署(USEPA)推荐的水生态物种保护阈值5%;长江水域4种抗生素的水生态风险不显著,珠江水域4种抗生素的水生态风险亦不显著,长江水域中各种抗生素对全部物种的PAF不超过0.17%、珠江水域中各种抗生素对全部物种的PAF不大于0.59%,均小于5%,比较研究显不长江和珠江水域抗生素的水生态风险水平与泰国渔业水域相似,抗生素均未表现出对水生态系统的显著风险。
[Abstract]:Water body is affected by human activities, especially chemicals, the phenomenon of water algae bloom, species reduction, ecological function damage and so on, there is water ecological risk. It is urgent to solve the problem of how to predict the ecological risk in the field with limited laboratory data. This study aims at improving the assessment method of the impact of the water ecological species on the risk of risk. In the species sensitivity distribution method (Spe Cies sensitivity distributions, SSDs), on the basis of interspecific correlation analysis (Interspecies correlation estimation models, ICE) and acute and chronic ratio method (Acute to chronic), selection of algae toxin and antibiotics as typical pollutants, screening literature and the toxicological experimental data in the global database to improve the combined use of aquatic products. The model of state risk assessment is used to evaluate the ecological risk of algae toxins and antibiotics in some water bodies in China. To clarify the risk degree of species diversity under water ecosystem, and to provide decision support for water environmental quality management. The main results are as follows: (1) improving the ICE-SSD combined model of water ecological risk assessment of four kinds of alga toxin. Two kinds of algae toxin and neurotoxin, the toxoid of cystosporin and cyclosporin in the liver toxin, the toxin and the beta toxin in the neurotoxin as 4 kinds of alga toxin, refer to the 1629 relevant literature of 1864-2016 years in Web of Science, the toxic database of ECOTOX, collect the toxic data, and extrapolate the unknown species through the ICE model. A total of 71 groups of acute toxicity data (LC50/EC50) of 64 aquatic species were obtained to improve the ICE-SSD equation of aquatic organisms; to protect the 95% species as the target, the water ecological risk threshold (Hazardous concentration for 5%of species, HC5) and the potential impact ratio (Potentially affected FR) under different concentrations (Potentially affected FR) were calculated. Action, PAF). The results showed that the sensitivity of hepatotoxin and neurotoxin to aquatic species was not significantly different, the toxoid of cystosporin, cyanobacteria toxin and neurotoxin in hepatotoxin, and the HC5 value of beta toxin to all species were 74.96 mu g, L-1205.39, L-1194.39, L-1194.39, L-1194.39, L-1,0.3, and L-1,0.3 mu g. The ecological risk of water caused by exposure concentration is the largest, and the PAF value of the beta toxin at the detected concentration range of 1-100 G. L-1 is 7.8-43.2%, which is in accordance with the results of the highest toxicity of the beta toxin which hinders the role of the cell ion channel. (2) the water ecological wind risk assessment of six antibiotics is improved by the ACR-SSD combined model. Three classes of antibiotics, such as sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine in sulfonamides, tetracycline and oxytetracycline in tetracycline, erythromycin and roxithromycin in large rings of 6 kinds of antibiotics, refer to the ECOTOX and WikiPharma toxicity database, Web of Science and 1864-2016 years of Chinese knowledge net. 7045 related literatures were collected to collect the toxic data and the ACR method was used to calculate the chronic toxic data of unknown species. 144 groups of chronic toxicity data (LOEC/NOEC) of 79 aquatic species were obtained, and the ACR-SSD equation of aquatic organisms was improved. The HC5 threshold of all species and the PAF value under simulated concentration exposure were analyzed, and the analysis was further analyzed. The high toxicity of tetracycline and erythromycin to aquatic primary producers showed that the sensitivity of sulfonamides, tetracycline and macrocyclic lipid antibiotics to aquatic species was not significantly different, among which the ecological risk of erythromycin water in the macrocyclic lipids was the highest and the tetracycline in the tetracycline was higher in ecological risk. The HC5 values of sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin and roxithromycin were 34.98 mu g. L-1555.64, G, L-1,10.95, L-1,60.87, L-1,2.08, L-1,2.08, G. L-1,19.44 micronux, respectively; the water primary producers were sensitive to erythromycin, and erythromycin was at the beginning of water environment concentration. The PAF value of the class producer was 19.16%, and the results agreed with the related research that the primary producers were more susceptible to the aquatic species conclusion affected by antibiotics. (3) the effects of two kinds of alga toxin and four kinds of antibiotics on species in some Chinese reservoirs and rivers were evaluated, and the results showed non significant ecological risk. Refer to the Web of Science and China knowledge. In the past 1864-2016 years, 5831 relevant documents were collected to obtain the monitoring data of the pollution concentration of the toxoid of Guangdong water Lian Shui Shan reservoir and the the Yanghe River reservoir in Hebei Province, and to screen the sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, 4 kinds of antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole in the Pearl River (Delta region), and sulfonamoxazole in the Yangtze River (Delta region) and sulfonamoxazole in the Pearl River (Delta region). The contamination concentration monitoring data of 4 kinds of amines two methazine, erythromycin and roxithromycin were monitored. The ICE-SSD and ACR-SSD combined models were used to calculate the PAF value of the alga toxin and antibiotics respectively. The results showed that the water ecological risk of the cyclosporine toxin and the toxoid of the Yanghe River reservoir in Hebei province was not significant, and the cyanobacteria and toxoid were not significant. The PAF of all species was 0.1% and 0.01%, respectively, which were lower than 5% of the aquatic ecological species protection threshold recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the water ecological risk of 4 antibiotics in the Yangtze River waters was not significant, and the water ecological risk of 4 antibiotics in the Pearl River waters was not significant, and the PAF of all kinds of antibiotics in the Yangtze River waters was not more than 0.17% of all species in the Pearl River waters. The PAF of all kinds of antibiotics was less than 0.59% in all species and less than 5%. The comparative study of the water ecological risk of antibiotics in the Yangtze and Pearl River waters was similar to that of the Thailand fishery waters, and all the antibiotics did not show significant risk to the water ecosystem.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826

【参考文献】