当代生态危机的资本逻辑解读
发布时间：2018-07-31 17:03
【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展生态危机问题俨然成为了当代社会的主要矛盾,无处不在的雾霾、不断灭绝的物种和日益增温的气候给人类带来了不可估量的灾害,因此解决生态危机问题,走绿色发展道路是当今社会的必然选择。学者们分别从“人类中心主义”、“支配欲念说”、“技术理性”及“过度消费”等方面分析了其中的原因,但是这些仅仅是导致生态危机的直接性原因。运用马克思主义理论对生态危机成因理论进行解读,层层剖析出当代生态危机的本质性因素是资本逻辑。首先利用实践理论可以论证出人与自然之间的对立实质上也是人与社会之间的一种对立,其次运用异化劳动理论可以推论出造成人与社会之间对立的背后原因实质上是人与人之间的对立,最后分析出造成人与人之间的对立的本质性因素就是资本逻辑。资本逻辑是一种被物化的生产关系的矛盾运动规律,在资本逻辑控制下的生产是一种被物化的资本扩张规律,这其中包含了积累、生产、交换及消费这四个环节。资本逻辑的双重性决定了它不仅是社会发展的推动力,也是剥夺人类自由、毁坏生态环境的刽子手。马克思在《资本论》中不仅阐释了资本主义社会的经济发展规律,也在阐释生产力与生产关系矛盾的同时论证了资本逻辑的运作与生态环境之间对立性矛盾。资本为了积累忽视自然的内在价值,大肆挖掘自然资源从而造成了生态资源枯竭甚至断裂了自然可持续性,并且在资本积累扩张的过程中对发展中国家进行大规模的生态殖民从而造成了全球性的生态环境破坏;资本为了提高生产效率研发科学技术,科技的发展不仅给人类带来了物质财富及生活便利,同时也研发出了许多自然环境不可溶解的物质比如塑料合成物、化学药品等,这些物质给环境带来了不可估量的破坏,可以说资本主义制度下的科技是对生态破坏的助推器;在资本逻辑操控下的资本运行中,其永远追寻的是资本的交换价值,在这样前提下的资本交换忽略了商品的使用价值,忽视了人类的真正需求,并且在资本的交换价值中是将大自然的内在价值刨除在外的,使自然失去了主体性,仅仅成为了生产链条中被索取的客体,并且在资本中的“物以稀为贵”的原则下许多生态资源被人为的毁坏掉以获得更高的交换价值;资本的消费,异化了人们的消费观,使人们盲目的追求奢侈品、时尚品,忽视了商品的使用价值,使人们被商品所俘虏,正是这种错误的消费观才拉动了资本的大量生产,同时也产生了许多生产、生活垃圾排放至自然界之中。在资本逻辑的控制体制中“金钱至上”是唯一的价值观,这种价值观使得人们将金钱作为衡量一切的标准,看似人们的生活质量有所提高,实则是人类肉体及精神更深一层的被物质所束缚,于是人类更加的将自然看成人类社会的附属物,从而大肆的攫取来满足自身的利益。在面对资本逻辑对生态环境的种种破坏时,构建生态优化新体系须从对资本逻辑的约束及超越两个方面进行。首先,是对资本逻辑制度下的生态环保措施及自我发展中克制性因素进行约束,并且在资本运行中要严格的把控各个环节的因素。其次,要从树立正确的消费理念及“生活逻辑”,重构生态道德体系以及利用资本逻辑促进人的全面发展这三个方面来对资本逻辑进行一定的超越。最后,虽然在资本全球化的运行下,彻底消除资本逻辑是有待商榷的但是要想根除生态危机其根本的途径就是走共产主义道路。
[Abstract]:With the development of the social economy, the ecological crisis has become the main contradiction of the contemporary society. The ubiquitous haze, the ceaselessly extinct species and the warming climate have brought inestimable disasters to the human beings. Therefore, to solve the ecological crisis and take the road of green development is the inevitable choice of today's society. "Anthropocentrism", "dominating desire", "technical rationality" and "excessive consumption" are analyzed, but these are the direct causes of the ecological crisis. The theory of Marx doctrine is used to interpret the theory of the causes of the ecological crisis, and the essential factor of the layer analysis of the contemporary ecological crisis is the capital. First of all, we can demonstrate that the opposition between man and nature is in essence an antagonism between man and society. Secondly, by using the theory of alienation labor, the reason behind the opposition between the adult and the society is essentially the antagonism between man and man, and the final analysis of the antagonism between the man and the man is made. The essential factor is capital logic. Capital logic is a contradictory movement law of the materialized production relationship. Production under the control of capital logic is a kind of the law of capital expansion which is materialized, which includes the four links of accumulation, production, exchange and consumption. The dual nature of capital logic determines that it is not only a social development. The driving force is also the executioner who deprives human freedom and destroys the ecological environment. Marx not only explained the law of economic development in capitalist society, but also explained the contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production, and demonstrated the contradiction between the operation of capital logic and the ecological environment. The intrinsic value of the exploitation of natural resources has resulted in the depletion of the ecological resources and even the natural sustainability, and the large-scale ecological colonization of the developing countries in the process of capital accumulation and expansion, resulting in the destruction of the global ecological environment, and the development of science and technology, technology and science and technology to improve production efficiency. Development not only brought material wealth and convenience to human beings, but also developed many natural environment insoluble substances such as plastic compound, chemical medicine and so on. These substances have brought inestimable damage to the environment. It can be said that the science and technology under the capitalist system is the booster of ecological destruction and the logic control of capital. In the capital operation, it always seeks the exchange value of capital. Under such premise, capital exchange ignores the use value of goods, ignores the real needs of human beings, and takes the intrinsic value of nature out of the exchange value of capital, so that it loses its subjectivity and only becomes the chain of production. Under the principle of the object being asked and the principle of "rare objects" in the capital, many ecological resources have been destroyed artificially to obtain higher exchange value; the consumption of capital alienated the people's consumption view, made people blindly pursue luxury goods, fashion goods, ignored the use value of commercial products, and made people captive by commodity, that is exactly that In the control system of capital logic, "money supremacy" is the only value in the control system of capital logic, which makes people think of money as a standard, which seems to have improved the quality of life. In fact, the human body and the spirit of the deeper layer of material constraints, so that human beings more regard nature as an appendage to human society, so that it is snatching to meet their own interests. In the face of the destruction of the ecological environment by capital logic, the construction of a new system of ecological optimization must be bound by and surpassing the capital logic two. First, it is to restrict the ecological environmental protection measures under the capital logic system and self-development, and to strictly control the factors of each link in the capital operation. Secondly, we should establish the correct consumption concept and "life logic", reconstruct the ecological moral system and use the capital logic to promote people. The overall development of the three aspects of the capital logic to a certain transcendence. Finally, although under the operation of capital globalization, the complete elimination of capital logic is debatable, but the fundamental way to eradicate the ecological crisis is to take the path of communism.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F014;X2
本文编号：2156251
[Abstract]:With the development of the social economy, the ecological crisis has become the main contradiction of the contemporary society. The ubiquitous haze, the ceaselessly extinct species and the warming climate have brought inestimable disasters to the human beings. Therefore, to solve the ecological crisis and take the road of green development is the inevitable choice of today's society. "Anthropocentrism", "dominating desire", "technical rationality" and "excessive consumption" are analyzed, but these are the direct causes of the ecological crisis. The theory of Marx doctrine is used to interpret the theory of the causes of the ecological crisis, and the essential factor of the layer analysis of the contemporary ecological crisis is the capital. First of all, we can demonstrate that the opposition between man and nature is in essence an antagonism between man and society. Secondly, by using the theory of alienation labor, the reason behind the opposition between the adult and the society is essentially the antagonism between man and man, and the final analysis of the antagonism between the man and the man is made. The essential factor is capital logic. Capital logic is a contradictory movement law of the materialized production relationship. Production under the control of capital logic is a kind of the law of capital expansion which is materialized, which includes the four links of accumulation, production, exchange and consumption. The dual nature of capital logic determines that it is not only a social development. The driving force is also the executioner who deprives human freedom and destroys the ecological environment. Marx not only explained the law of economic development in capitalist society, but also explained the contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production, and demonstrated the contradiction between the operation of capital logic and the ecological environment. The intrinsic value of the exploitation of natural resources has resulted in the depletion of the ecological resources and even the natural sustainability, and the large-scale ecological colonization of the developing countries in the process of capital accumulation and expansion, resulting in the destruction of the global ecological environment, and the development of science and technology, technology and science and technology to improve production efficiency. Development not only brought material wealth and convenience to human beings, but also developed many natural environment insoluble substances such as plastic compound, chemical medicine and so on. These substances have brought inestimable damage to the environment. It can be said that the science and technology under the capitalist system is the booster of ecological destruction and the logic control of capital. In the capital operation, it always seeks the exchange value of capital. Under such premise, capital exchange ignores the use value of goods, ignores the real needs of human beings, and takes the intrinsic value of nature out of the exchange value of capital, so that it loses its subjectivity and only becomes the chain of production. Under the principle of the object being asked and the principle of "rare objects" in the capital, many ecological resources have been destroyed artificially to obtain higher exchange value; the consumption of capital alienated the people's consumption view, made people blindly pursue luxury goods, fashion goods, ignored the use value of commercial products, and made people captive by commodity, that is exactly that In the control system of capital logic, "money supremacy" is the only value in the control system of capital logic, which makes people think of money as a standard, which seems to have improved the quality of life. In fact, the human body and the spirit of the deeper layer of material constraints, so that human beings more regard nature as an appendage to human society, so that it is snatching to meet their own interests. In the face of the destruction of the ecological environment by capital logic, the construction of a new system of ecological optimization must be bound by and surpassing the capital logic two. First, it is to restrict the ecological environmental protection measures under the capital logic system and self-development, and to strictly control the factors of each link in the capital operation. Secondly, we should establish the correct consumption concept and "life logic", reconstruct the ecological moral system and use the capital logic to promote people. The overall development of the three aspects of the capital logic to a certain transcendence. Finally, although under the operation of capital globalization, the complete elimination of capital logic is debatable, but the fundamental way to eradicate the ecological crisis is to take the path of communism.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F014;X2
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