微生物—蚯蚓耦合系统处理秸秆的研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 16:43

【摘要】：秸秆中含有大量营养元素和有机物,经人工处理后可作为饲料和肥料进行广泛应用,但现有的处理技术大多存在占地面积大、耗时长等问题。本文基于蚯蚓处理有机固体废弃物技术,采用EM、VT1000、强兴三种菌剂联合蚯蚓,同时作用于秸秆与果皮蔬菜混合垃圾按不同配比混合的物料,建立微生物-蚯蚓耦合处理系统,寻求系统最适的微生物菌剂和原料配比,以期在降解秸秆的同时实现其资源化利用。探讨微生物菌剂对秸秆性能的影响,结果表明:微生物菌剂对全碳、全氮、C/N具有降低作用,对速效磷和速效钾具有提高作用,可加快半纤维素的降解。EM菌剂对全碳、速效磷和C/N的作用效果更好,VT1000菌剂对全氮、速效钾和半纤维素的作用效果更好,各菌剂于物料配比3:2时处理效果最佳,此时采用EM菌剂处理后的物料全碳和C/N分别为8.19%和14.44,速效磷上升幅度为51.49%;采用VT1000菌剂处理后,物料全氮、速效钾和半纤维素的变化幅度分别为54.75%、80.46%和60.09%。采用高通量测序技术,探讨微生物群落结构对物料性能的影响,结果表明:EM菌剂处理的物料,优势菌群Unclassified-k-Fungi的相对丰度明显高于其他菌剂的处理,而VT 1000菌剂处理的物料,优势菌群Acidobacteria相对丰度明显高于其他菌剂的处理,前者对C/N变化具有影响,后者与全氮和速效钾均有一定的相关性。探讨微生物-蚯蚓耦合系统对秸秆处理的影响,研究表明:微生物-蚯蚓耦合系统对物料性能的影响与单独使用微生物菌剂的影响规律基本一致,但变化幅度更大。以EM菌剂物料配比3:2时,处理效果最佳,蚯蚓的日增重增殖倍数分别达到0.0484和0.1858;蚓粪中全碳、全氮、C/N分别为11.48%、0.66%、16.99,速效磷、速效钾增长幅度分别达到77.14%、75.34%,半纤维素降解率可达73.23%。采用X射线荧光光谱和傅里叶红外光谱技术,对EM菌剂和蚯蚓耦合处理配比3: 2的物料所产生的蚓粪进行元素含量和有机成分分析。结果表明,该条件下植物生长所必需的Mg、S、P、K等元素含量更高,其有机成分也发生了变化,具有做植物肥料的潜力。
[Abstract]:Straw contains a large amount of nutrients and organic matter, which can be widely used as feed and fertilizer after manual treatment. However, most of the existing treatment technologies have the problems of large area, long time consuming and so on. Based on the technology of earthworm treatment of organic solid waste, EMN VT1000 was used to combine with earthworm. At the same time, the system of microorganism and earthworm coupling treatment was established by using the mixture of straw and vegetable garbage mixed with different proportion. The optimum ratio of microbial agents and raw materials was sought in order to realize the utilization of straw as well as the degradation of straw. The effects of microbial fungicides on the performance of straw were discussed. The results showed that microbial fungicides could decrease the total carbon and total nitrogen C / N, increase the available phosphorus and potassium, and accelerate the degradation of hemicellulose. The effects of available phosphorus and C / N on total nitrogen, available potassium and hemicellulose were better. The total carbon and C / N of the materials treated with EM were 8.19% and 14.44, respectively, and the increase of available phosphorus was 51.49, and the changes of total nitrogen, available potassium and hemicellulose were 54.75% and 60.09%, respectively. The effects of microbial community structure on material properties were studied by high-throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that the relative abundance of Unclassified-k-Fungi of dominant microflora was significantly higher than that of other microbial agents, while that of VT 1000 was higher than that of VT 1000. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria in dominant microflora was significantly higher than that in other treatments. The former had an effect on the changes of C / N, while the latter had a certain correlation with total nitrogen and available potassium. The effect of microorganism-earthworm coupling system on straw treatment was discussed. The results showed that the effect of microorganism-earthworm coupling system on material performance was basically consistent with that of microorganism bacteria alone, but the change was larger. When the ratio of EM fungicides was 3:2, the average daily gain of earthworm reached 0.0484 and 0.1858 respectively, the total carbon and C / N of earthworm manure were 11.48 and 0.66% 16.99, the available phosphorus and available potassium increased 77.14 and 75.34, respectively, and the degradation rate of hemicellulose reached 73.23. The elemental content and organic composition of earthworm dung produced by the coupling treatment of EM bacteria and earthworm with 3: 2 ratio were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the content of essential elements, such as MgSS-PnK, was higher and the organic composition of the plant was also changed under this condition, which had the potential to be used as plant fertilizer.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X17;X712

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