三亚蜈支洲岛海洋牧场旅游区生态环境演变与评价研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 17:21

【摘要】：21世纪是海洋的世纪,发展蓝色经济,建设海洋强国。近年来,由于海洋过度捕捞、污水排放,造成海域破坏,海洋生物丧失栖息地,发生赤潮等灾害,严重影响了海洋的可持续开发。因此,海洋牧场作为一种新型的海洋渔业生产方式,拥有修复生态环境、改善水质的作用。蜈支洲岛海洋牧场作为中国第一个热带海洋牧场,有效修复生态环境,但其目的是为了发展旅游业。海洋牧场旅游是三亚市海洋旅游重点开发的项目,蜈支洲岛海洋牧场已经初具规模,形成了良好的生物圈,开展了潜水、海底观光、海钓等旅游服务项目,其生态环境是吸引海洋牧场旅游者的重要资源,因此对海洋牧场旅游区的水质生态环境进行分析评价具有现实意义。首先以Landsat-5 TM影像和GF-1 WFV2影像作为遥感基础数据,结合海域相关站点实采数据,分析各波段与叶绿素a和悬浮物浓度之间的相关性,分别建构反演模型。其次运用ENVI 5.3和ArcGIS 10.3,获取叶绿素a和悬浮物浓度的分布图,进行分析评价,从时空方面分析其浓度的变化状况;同时对海域的浮游植物生物多样性、均匀度和浮游动物生物量进行了计算,分析2010年到2014年蜈支洲岛海洋牧场旅游区生物环境的变化,探讨分析海洋牧场旅游与生态环境之间的关系,得出如下结论。(1)2010-2014年蜈支洲岛海洋牧场旅游区水中叶绿素a浓度明显上升,特别是南部、东南部浓度较高。大部分研究区域叶绿素a浓度小于2 mg/m3,浓度低说明水质清澈,成为旅游的重大吸引力。(2)2010-2014年蜈支洲岛海洋牧场旅游区悬浮物浓度上升,且分布发生很大变化。97%的区域悬浮物浓度小于10 mg/L,但随着海上旅游项目的拓展,在蜈支洲岛北部、西北部海水浴场区域,受旅游活动影响,悬浮物浓度高,影响了水体浊度,进而影响旅游质量。(3)2010-2014年蜈支洲岛海洋牧场旅游区海域中浮游植物和浮游动物种类、数量均有增加。浮游植物种类由39种发展到2014年的58种,多样性指数由1.27上升到2.32,同时,四年间浮游动物生物量翻了 3.5倍。可见研究区生物环境得到了改善,有利于海钓、潜水观光等海洋牧场旅游项目的开发。(4)蜈支洲岛海洋牧场旅游和生态环境之间是相互影响的,旅游既能促进环境保护也能胁迫生态环境,同样生态环境能够约束旅游发展也能增强旅游吸引力。在今后的研究中,应该扩大生态环境评价因子,优化评价精度,为热带海洋牧场旅游开发和生态环境保护等方面提供科学依据,实现海洋牧场旅游可持续发展。
[Abstract]:The 21 st century is the century of ocean, develop blue economy, build ocean powerful nation. In recent years, marine overfishing, sewage discharge, marine damage, marine habitat loss, red tide and other disasters have seriously affected the sustainable development of the ocean. Therefore, as a new mode of marine fishery production, marine pasture has the function of restoring ecological environment and improving water quality. As the first tropical oceanic pasture in China, Centigezhoudao Ocean Ranch effectively rehabilitates the ecological environment, but its purpose is to develop tourism. Marine ranching tourism is a key development project of marine tourism in Sanya City. The marine pastures of Centibuzhoudao have begun to take shape, forming a good biosphere and developing tourism service projects such as diving, undersea sightseeing, and sea fishing. The ecological environment is an important resource to attract the tourists of marine pastures, so it is of practical significance to analyze and evaluate the ecological environment of water quality in the tourist areas of marine pastures. Firstly, Landsat-5 TM image and GF-1 WFV2 image are used as the basic remote sensing data, and the correlation between each band and chlorophyll a and suspended substance concentration is analyzed in combination with the actual data collected from the relevant stations in the sea area, and the inversion model is constructed respectively. Secondly, using ENVI 5.3 and ArcGIS 10.3, the distribution maps of chlorophyll a and suspended solids were obtained, and the variation of chlorophyll a and suspended solids concentration was analyzed from time to time, and the biodiversity of phytoplankton in the sea area was also analyzed. The evenness and zooplankton biomass were calculated, and the changes of biological environment in the marine rangeland tourism area of Centibuzhoudao from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed, and the relationship between marine rangeland tourism and ecological environment was discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the concentration of chlorophyll a in the water from 2010 to 2014 in the Seijiuzhou Island marine rangeland tourism area increased obviously, especially in the south and southeast. The concentration of chlorophyll a in most study areas is less than 2 mg / m ~ 3, which indicates that the water quality is clear and becomes a great attraction for tourism. (2) the concentration of suspended matter in the tourist area of the Centifuzhoudao Marine Ranch from 2010 to 2014 increased. The concentration of suspended matter is less than 10 mg / L, but with the development of marine tourism project, the concentration of suspended solids in the northern and northwestern bathing areas of Centiaozhou Island is affected by tourism activities, and the concentration of suspended solids is high, which affects the turbidity of the water body. And then affect the quality of tourism. (3) the number of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the sea area of Seijiuzhoudao marine pastureland from 2010 to 2014 has increased. Phytoplankton species increased from 39 species to 58 species in 2014, the diversity index increased from 1.27 to 2.32, and zooplankton biomass increased 3.5 times in four years. It can be seen that the biological environment in the research area has been improved, which is conducive to the development of marine rangeland tourism projects such as sea fishing, diving and sightseeing. (4) there is an interaction between the tourism and the ecological environment of the marine pastures on Centibuzhoudao. Tourism can not only promote environmental protection, but also enhance the attraction of tourism. In the future research, we should expand the evaluation factors of ecological environment, optimize the evaluation accuracy, provide scientific basis for the tourism development and ecological environment protection of tropical marine pasture, and realize the sustainable development of marine rangeland tourism.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171.1;F592.7

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