当代沈阳地区生态环境问题研究（1949-1990）

发布时间：2018-08-13 18:47

【摘要】：环境问题是世界普遍关注的问题,目前全球环境问题主要表现为环境污染和生态破坏两个方面。我国在城市化进程过程中,与此相伴而生的城市环境日益成为环境治理亟待解决的重要问题。我国环境治理的内容主要有大气污染、水污染、固体废弃物污染、森林破坏现象严重等,在环境治理工作中,北京、天津、广州这些大城市取得了一些显著的成果,为其他城市提供有益的借鉴。沈阳市是东三省的政治中心、经济中心、交通枢纽,是全国重要的工业基地,在国际上具有“东方鲁尔”的称号。建国前,由于受日伪政府和国民党反动政府的蹂躏,生态环境已经严重恶化。建国初该市虽然采取一定的措施治理环境,但是面对百废待兴的局面,经济建设依然是该市工作的重心,工业建设得以快速发展,但在生产的过程中,只注重经济效益,忽视对环境的保护,严重影响了生态环境的可持续发展,同时城市化过程中人口大规模增加,随之环境问题更加严重,如生活垃圾剧增、粪秽杂物增多、公厕不足等,这些问题相应地制约着该市的城市化进程。为了实现城市的经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和生态文明建设的可持续发展,环境治理问题是值得我们关注且研究的问题。本论文主要从六个方面对当代沈阳地区的生态环境治理问题进行探讨。第一部分内容是“沈阳地区生态环境状况及环卫工作开展”,主要阐述了当代沈阳地区的环境发展概况及爱国卫生运动的开展情况。第二部分内容是“沈阳地区工业‘三废’和垃圾问题治理”,主要叙述工业“三废”的严重污染和垃圾污染问题,并提出具体解决措施。第三部分内容是“沈阳地区绿化缺乏问题及造林运动”,这一部分是从建国以来沈阳地区的绿化现状入手,并提出号召发动植树造林运动、重视防护林建设、进行荒山育林、鼓励居民区绿化、开展公园绿化建设作为解决该市绿化缺乏问题的措施。第四部分内容是“沈阳地区的粪秽处理及公厕的改造与建设”,主要从粪秽清运情况及存在的问题、粪秽的处理方式、关于粪秽的纠纷问题和公厕的改造与建设这几个方面进行研究。第五部分的内容是“沈阳地区的街道整治”,讨论了街道清扫事业的开展、街道绿化建设、街道附近地下水管道的处理以及冬季街道清雪运动这四个问题。第六部分内容是“沈阳地区生态环境治理的经验教训”,这部分总结了当代沈阳地区环境治理存在的问题以及取得的经验启示,为今后的环境建设提出宝贵的意见。
[Abstract]:The environmental problem is a universal concern in the world. At present, the global environmental problem mainly manifests itself in two aspects: environmental pollution and ecological destruction. In the process of urbanization, the urban environment has become an important problem to be solved urgently. The contents of environmental control in China mainly include air pollution, water pollution, solid waste pollution, serious forest destruction and so on. In the environmental control work, Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou and other big cities have made some remarkable achievements. For other cities to provide useful reference. Shenyang is the political center, economic center and transportation hub of the three eastern provinces. It is an important industrial base in China and has the title of "Oriental Ruhr" in the world. Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, the ecological environment had deteriorated due to the ravages of the Japanese and Kuomintang reactionary governments. At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, although the city took certain measures to control the environment, economic construction was still the focus of the city's work in the face of the situation of "waiting for prosperity" and economic construction was still the focus of the city's work. Industrial construction developed rapidly, but in the process of production, it only paid attention to economic benefits. Ignoring the protection of the environment has seriously affected the sustainable development of the ecological environment. At the same time, during the process of urbanization, the population has increased on a large scale, and the environmental problems have become even more serious, such as the sharp increase of domestic waste, the increase of excrement and debris, the shortage of public toilets, and so on. These problems restrict the urbanization process of the city accordingly. In order to realize the sustainable development of urban economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction, environmental governance is a problem worthy of our attention and research. This paper mainly discusses the ecological environment governance in Shenyang from six aspects. The first part is "the situation of ecological environment and the development of sanitation work in Shenyang area", which mainly expounds the general situation of environmental development and the development of patriotic health movement in the contemporary Shenyang area. The second part is the "three wastes" and garbage treatment in Shenyang area. It mainly describes the serious pollution and garbage pollution of the industrial "three wastes", and puts forward some concrete measures to solve the problems. The third part is "lack of greening and afforestation movement in Shenyang area". This part starts with the present situation of afforestation in Shenyang area since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and puts forward a call to launch afforestation campaign, attach importance to the construction of shelterbelt, and carry out barren mountain cultivation. Encouraging the greening of residential areas and carrying out park greening construction are measures to solve the problem of lack of greening in the city. The fourth part is "waste disposal in Shenyang area and the renovation and construction of public toilets", mainly from the situation of defecation and transportation and the existing problems, the disposal method of fecal filth, The disputes about fecal waste and the renovation and construction of public toilets are studied. The fifth part is "Street renovation in Shenyang", which discusses the development of street cleaning, the construction of street greening, the treatment of underground water pipelines near streets and the snow clearing movement of streets in winter. The sixth part is "the experience and lessons of the ecological environment management in Shenyang area", which summarizes the problems existing in the environmental governance of the contemporary Shenyang area and the enlightenment obtained from the experience, and puts forward valuable suggestions for the future environmental construction.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X321

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