北方典型设施蔬菜种植区地下水水质特征

发布时间：2018-08-14 10:15

【摘要】：为探究设施农业对地下水环境质量的影响,以我国华北平原典型设施蔬菜种植区为研究对象,采用常规理化分析、紫外-可见吸收光谱及荧光光谱技术,结合平行因子分析、主成分分析和二维相关光谱分析方法,对种植区地下水中无机盐、重金属及有机物的来源、组成、赋存分布及可能成因进行了研究.结果表明,设施蔬菜种植区地下水水化学特征为Cl-SO_4型水,硬度高,三氮含量严重超出国家地下水V类质量标准(GB/T 14848-93),重金属含量低于国家生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749-2006).氮素中NH_4~+-N的大量累积与较浅的地下水埋深度和强还原环境引起的硝化过程受阻有关,部分有毒亲硫重金属元素含量较高为农药和化肥的施用所致.地下水中溶解性有机物来源相似,由微生物代谢淋溶进入地下水的有机粪肥中组分新近产生为主,其主要成分为小分子易降解的类蛋白物质,同时含有部分与类蛋白物质结合的类富里酸物质.种植区地下水中类富里酸物质在地下水中含量稳定,而类蛋白物质含量受耕作过程有机粪肥的使用影响较大.设施蔬菜种植过程中应科学分配有机粪肥的施用,同时水质电导率、硬度及紫外区UVA波段应作为该种植区日后在线监管的主要指标.
[Abstract]:In order to explore the effect of facility agriculture on groundwater environmental quality, taking the vegetable planting area of typical facility in North China Plain as the research object, conventional physicochemical analysis, UV-Vis absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum technique were used, and parallel factor analysis was used. The source, composition, occurrence and distribution of inorganic salts, heavy metals and organic matter in groundwater in cultivated area were studied by principal component analysis (PCA) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. The results showed that the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in vegetable growing area were Cl-SO_4 type water, high hardness, the content of trinitrogen seriously exceeded the national GB/T 14848-93, and the heavy metal content was lower than the national sanitary standard of drinking water (GB5749-2006). The accumulation of NH4 ~ -N in nitrogen was related to the hindrance of nitrification caused by shallow groundwater depth and strong reduction environment, and the higher content of toxic sulfur and heavy metals was caused by the application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. The source of dissolved organic matter in groundwater is similar. The main component of organic manure which is leached into groundwater by microbial metabolism is mainly small molecule easily degradable protein-like substance. It also contains some fulvic acid compounds that bind to proteoid substances. The content of fulvic acid in groundwater is stable, while the content of protein is affected greatly by the use of organic manure during tillage. The application of organic manure should be scientifically distributed in the process of vegetable cultivation in facility, and the water conductivity, hardness and UVA band in ultraviolet region should be the main indexes of on-line supervision in the future.
【作者单位】：成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室;中国环境科学研究院环境标准研究所;中国-东盟环境保护合作中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51408573,41472230)
【分类号】：X523

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