消化污泥及其堆肥氮素赋存形态变化规律的研究
发布时间：2018-08-15 13:17
【摘要】：市政污泥中含有丰富的植物营养元素和有机物,为其作为有机肥料提供了条件。堆肥施用可以提高土壤肥力,加强土壤健康状况,从而提高农业生产力,改善土壤生物多样性。而在污泥的堆肥化过程中,伴随着有机物的降解与转化,氮素会有一定程度的损失,关注污泥在堆肥过程当中氮素的各种不同形态的变化,尤其是有机氮组分的变化,可以为提高堆肥质量,生产更优质肥料提供理论依据。本课题对收集自日本不同的污水处理厂的剩余污泥,消化污泥,干燥污泥及堆肥污泥的含水率,挥发性固体含量,电导率(EC),p H,氨氮(NH4+-N),亚硝态氮(NO2--N),硝态氮(NO3--N),总碳(TC),总氮(TN)及有机氮组分等性质进行了测试分析,研究污泥在消化过程及堆肥过程中性质的变化,从而探讨消化、堆肥过程对有机氮组分的影响。并选择不同性质的污泥堆肥产品作为肥料,通过小松菜栽培试验,调查有机肥料对作物生长的影响。主要得到以下结果:(1)取自日本某公司的不同水力停留时间(HRT5d和HRT10d)下的高温厌氧消化(55℃)污泥,经空气干燥和烘箱干燥两种方式处理后,含水率均降低至10%左右,且干燥污泥无杂物。烘箱干燥污泥中未检出粪大肠菌群及沙门氏菌等病原菌,pH在6~9范围内,TC和TKN含量分别在360gC/kg-TS及48gN/kg-TS以上,发芽指数达到70%以上。烘箱干燥污泥可满足CJ/T 309-2009污泥农用标准。(2)来自日本A,B,C三所城市生活污水处理厂(WWTP)的剩余污泥经中温厌氧消化处理后得到的消化污泥pH为中性偏碱性,EC值升高,TN和NH4+-N含量均有所增加,C/N降低。消化污泥中的总凯氏氮含量高于原泥和干燥污泥。污泥中易降解有机氮组分“非蛋白态氮化合物+溶解性蛋白质”((A+B)%)含量按以下顺序排列,原泥消化污泥干燥污泥。消化污泥中表示肥料缓释性的“膜结核性蛋白质和细胞壁构成蛋白”的含量较高。消化作用增加了污泥中缓慢降解的氮组分。(3)日本A-WWTP的高温好氧堆肥和B-WWTP的YM菌超高温污泥好氧发酵堆肥过程中堆体含水率和pH均呈下降趋势,且pH的变化在6~9之间,种子发芽指数(GI%)呈上升趋势。堆肥过程中氮元素形态经过微生物作用,在温度和pH等外部条件影响下不断发生动态变化。A-WWTP堆肥过程中,NH4+-N的变化趋势与pH的变化相一致;堆肥开始时NO3--N含量很低,随着堆肥反应的进行呈上升趋势,而NO2--N含量一直处于较低水平;堆体中易降解有机氮组分(A+B)%含量变化波动较大,堆肥成品中(A+B)%含量有所降低。而在0d到48d的B-WWTP堆肥过程中,堆体温度保持在70℃以上,NH4+-N含量呈上升趋势,持续的高温抑制了亚硝化菌和硝化菌的生长繁殖,使得NO2--N和NO3--N含量都很低,堆体中易降解有机氮组分(A+B)%含量呈缓慢上升趋势。(4)B厂堆肥产品,C厂农民堆肥产品及市售的污泥肥料对小松菜栽培试验的结果表明,在土壤中施加10gN/m2、20gN/m2和30gN/m2的污泥产品时每期小松菜平均株重(鲜重)较无肥区和化肥区有一定增长,SPAD值与无肥区差异不大。小松菜的鲜重、SPAD值及汁液的糖度均逐期降低。
[Abstract]:Municipal sludge contains abundant plant nutrients and organic substances, which provide conditions for it to be used as organic fertilizer. Compost application can improve soil fertility and soil health, thereby improving agricultural productivity and soil biodiversity. There is a certain degree of loss. Paying attention to the change of nitrogen forms in the process of composting, especially the change of organic nitrogen components, can provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of composting and producing better fertilizers. The water content, volatile solid content, electrical conductivity (EC), P H, ammonia nitrogen (NH4 + - N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2 - N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 - N), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and organic nitrogen components of sludge were measured and analyzed. The changes of sludge properties during digestion and composting were studied, and the effects of digestion and composting on organic nitrogen components were discussed. The effects of organic fertilizers on crop growth were investigated by Pinus koraiensis cultivation experiment. The main results were as follows: (1) Sludge from a Japanese company with different hydraulic retention time (HRT5d and HRT10d) was digested under high temperature anaerobic digestion (55 C) and dried by air drying and oven drying. After treatment, the moisture content was reduced to about 10% and no impurities were found in the dry sludge. Fecal coliforms and Salmonella were not detected in the oven-dried sludge. The pH ranged from 6 to 9, TC and TKN contents were above 360gC/kg-TS and 48gN/kg-TS, respectively, and the germination index was above 70%. The oven-dried sludge could meet the agricultural standard of CJ/T 309-2009 sludge. (2) After anaerobic digestion at medium temperature, the pH of the sludge from three municipal sewage treatment plants (WWTP) in Japan was neutral and alkaline, the EC value increased, the contents of TN and NH4 + - N increased, and the C/N decreased. The total Kjeldahl nitrogen content in the digested sludge was higher than that in the raw sludge and the dry sludge. The contents of "non-protein nitrogen compounds + soluble proteins" ((A + B)) were arranged in the following order: raw sludge digested sludge dry sludge. The contents of "membrane nodule proteins and cell wall proteins" in digested sludge which indicated slow-release of fertilizer were higher. Digestion increased the slow-degradation nitrogen components in sludge. (3) A-WWTP from Japan. The water content and pH of the compost decreased during the aerobic composting process of thermophilic aerobic composting and B-WWTP super-high temperature sludge composting, and the pH changed between 6 and 9, while the seed germination index (GI%) increased. The nitrogen forms changed continuously under the influence of temperature and pH and other external conditions during the composting process. During the WWTP composting process, the change trend of NH4 + - N was consistent with the change of pH; the content of NO3 - N was very low at the beginning of composting, and increased with the composting reaction, while the content of NO2 - N was always at a low level; the content of easily degradable organic nitrogen component (A + B) in the compost varied greatly, and the content of (A + B) in the compost product decreased somewhat from 0 d to 48 D. During the B-WWTP composting process of d, the temperature of the compost was kept above 70 C, and the content of NH4 + - N increased. The continuous high temperature inhibited the growth and reproduction of nitrosobacteria and nitrifying bacteria, resulting in the low content of NO2 - N and NO3 - N. The content of easily degradable organic nitrogen component (A + B) in the compost of B plant and the peasant compost products of C plant showed a slow upward trend. The results showed that the average plant weight (fresh weight) of Pinus koraiensis was higher than that of the non-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer areas, and the SPAD value was not significantly different from that of the non-fertilizer areas.
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703;S141.4
本文编号：2184319
[Abstract]:Municipal sludge contains abundant plant nutrients and organic substances, which provide conditions for it to be used as organic fertilizer. Compost application can improve soil fertility and soil health, thereby improving agricultural productivity and soil biodiversity. There is a certain degree of loss. Paying attention to the change of nitrogen forms in the process of composting, especially the change of organic nitrogen components, can provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of composting and producing better fertilizers. The water content, volatile solid content, electrical conductivity (EC), P H, ammonia nitrogen (NH4 + - N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2 - N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 - N), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and organic nitrogen components of sludge were measured and analyzed. The changes of sludge properties during digestion and composting were studied, and the effects of digestion and composting on organic nitrogen components were discussed. The effects of organic fertilizers on crop growth were investigated by Pinus koraiensis cultivation experiment. The main results were as follows: (1) Sludge from a Japanese company with different hydraulic retention time (HRT5d and HRT10d) was digested under high temperature anaerobic digestion (55 C) and dried by air drying and oven drying. After treatment, the moisture content was reduced to about 10% and no impurities were found in the dry sludge. Fecal coliforms and Salmonella were not detected in the oven-dried sludge. The pH ranged from 6 to 9, TC and TKN contents were above 360gC/kg-TS and 48gN/kg-TS, respectively, and the germination index was above 70%. The oven-dried sludge could meet the agricultural standard of CJ/T 309-2009 sludge. (2) After anaerobic digestion at medium temperature, the pH of the sludge from three municipal sewage treatment plants (WWTP) in Japan was neutral and alkaline, the EC value increased, the contents of TN and NH4 + - N increased, and the C/N decreased. The total Kjeldahl nitrogen content in the digested sludge was higher than that in the raw sludge and the dry sludge. The contents of "non-protein nitrogen compounds + soluble proteins" ((A + B)) were arranged in the following order: raw sludge digested sludge dry sludge. The contents of "membrane nodule proteins and cell wall proteins" in digested sludge which indicated slow-release of fertilizer were higher. Digestion increased the slow-degradation nitrogen components in sludge. (3) A-WWTP from Japan. The water content and pH of the compost decreased during the aerobic composting process of thermophilic aerobic composting and B-WWTP super-high temperature sludge composting, and the pH changed between 6 and 9, while the seed germination index (GI%) increased. The nitrogen forms changed continuously under the influence of temperature and pH and other external conditions during the composting process. During the WWTP composting process, the change trend of NH4 + - N was consistent with the change of pH; the content of NO3 - N was very low at the beginning of composting, and increased with the composting reaction, while the content of NO2 - N was always at a low level; the content of easily degradable organic nitrogen component (A + B) in the compost varied greatly, and the content of (A + B) in the compost product decreased somewhat from 0 d to 48 D. During the B-WWTP composting process of d, the temperature of the compost was kept above 70 C, and the content of NH4 + - N increased. The continuous high temperature inhibited the growth and reproduction of nitrosobacteria and nitrifying bacteria, resulting in the low content of NO2 - N and NO3 - N. The content of easily degradable organic nitrogen component (A + B) in the compost of B plant and the peasant compost products of C plant showed a slow upward trend. The results showed that the average plant weight (fresh weight) of Pinus koraiensis was higher than that of the non-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer areas, and the SPAD value was not significantly different from that of the non-fertilizer areas.
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703;S141.4
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