陕西秦岭地区生态安全测度研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 21:37

【摘要】：秦岭是我国南北地理概念上的分界线,它拥有多样的生物资源和丰富的水资源,是陕西乃至全国重要的生态功能区。但近年来,随着陕西秦岭地区社会、经济的飞速发展,人们对自然资源的需求压力越来越大,使陕西秦岭地区的生态环境受到了严重的破坏,雾霾、泥石流、水土流失等环境问题也严重威胁着人们的健康和发展。因此,对陕西秦岭地区的生态安全进行研究,改善其生态安全状况就显得尤为重要。本论文在研究背景、意义阐述的条件下,梳理了生态安全研究的相关理论及国内外文献综述,对陕西秦岭地区的概况、生态现状、生态安全现状进行分析。其次,对常用生态安全测度方法进行分析和对比,并借鉴共生理论的原理,确定并构建生态L-V共生模型;利用聚类分析法和变异系数法,完善并检验生态安全指标体系;用层次分析和熵权定性与定量相结合的方法,对指标权重进行确定。再次,求解生态L-V共生模型的稳定平衡点,并对该模型的稳定性进行动态分析,得到生态安全的判断标准。基于上述模型对陕西秦岭地区38个区县的生态状况进行测度,得到其生态安全测度结果。最后,对生态安全状况不理想的区县进行原因分析,并针对陕西秦岭地区的特点提出改善建议。主要得到以下结论:(1)将L-V模型、层次分析法、熵权法、聚类分析法以及变异系数法进行组合,使上述整个测度过程定量化,最大限度的降低了主观随意性,确保得到的测度结果更加科学、合理。(2)目前陕西秦岭地区生态安全状况为:汉中市各区县生态安全状况最差,其次是商洛市,宝鸡市和渭南市的生态安全相对较好。由纵向分析可知,灞桥区等9个区县的生态安全状况得到相应的改善,而汉阴县等10个区县的生态安全状况处于下降的趋势,尤其是旬阳县,下降幅度最大,应该尽快采取改善措施。(3)人口数量的高速增长,第二产业、旅游、林、药业的不良发展以及矿产的违规开采是陕西秦岭地区生态安全状况恶化的主要原因。对此,本论文提出控制人口数量并提高人口素质,优化产业结构并提高生产效率,加强对矿产资源开发、利用的监督和管理以及加快秦岭公园建设的建议。
[Abstract]:The Qinling Mountains is a conceptual dividing line between north and south of China. It has a variety of biological resources and abundant water resources. It is an important ecological functional area in Shaanxi and even the whole country. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of society and economy in Qinling, Shaanxi, the demand for natural resources is increasing, and the ecological environment of Qinling has been seriously damaged by, haze, debris flow. Environmental problems such as soil erosion are also a serious threat to people's health and development. Therefore, it is very important to improve the ecological security of Qinling region. Under the condition of research background and significance, this paper combs the relevant theories of ecological security research and literature review at home and abroad, and analyzes the general situation, ecological status and ecological security status of Qinling region of Shaanxi Province. Secondly, the common ecological security measurement methods are analyzed and compared, and the ecological L-V symbiotic model is established and constructed by using the theory of symbiosis, and the index system of ecological security is improved and tested by cluster analysis and variation coefficient method. The index weight is determined by the method of AHP and entropy weight combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. Thirdly, the stable equilibrium point of ecological L-V symbiotic model is solved, and the stability of the model is analyzed dynamically, and the criterion of ecological security is obtained. Based on the above model, the ecological status of 38 districts and counties in Qinling region of Shaanxi Province was measured, and the results of ecological security measurement were obtained. Finally, the paper analyzes the causes of the unfavorable ecological security in the districts and counties, and puts forward some suggestions for improving the characteristics of the Qinling region of Shaanxi Province. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) combining L-V model, analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight method, cluster analysis method and coefficient of variation method, the whole measurement process mentioned above is quantified and subjective randomness is reduced to the maximum extent. The results obtained are more scientific and reasonable. (2) at present, the ecological security situation in Qinling area of Shaanxi Province is the worst in Hanzhong City, followed by Shangluo City, Baoji City and Weinan City. From the longitudinal analysis, we can see that the ecological security situation of 9 districts and counties such as Baqiao District has been improved correspondingly, while the ecological security situation of 10 districts and counties such as Hanyin County is in a downward trend, especially Xunyang County, which has the biggest decline. Improvement measures should be taken as soon as possible. (3) the rapid growth of population, poor development of secondary industry, tourism, forest and pharmaceutical industry and illegal mining of minerals are the main reasons for the deterioration of ecological security in Qinling region of Shaanxi Province. In view of this, this paper puts forward some suggestions on controlling the population quantity and improving the population quality, optimizing the industrial structure and improving the production efficiency, strengthening the supervision and management of the exploitation of mineral resources, utilizing and accelerating the construction of Qinling Park.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826

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