旱地土壤硝态氮的产生、淋洗迁移及调控措施
发布时间：2018-08-24 11:43
【摘要】：如何在保证作物高产的前提下,提高氮肥利用率、减少氮肥损失及其对环境的影响已经成为一个世界性研究课题。硝态氮淋洗是旱地土壤氮素损失去向的重要途径之一,是导致区域性地下水硝酸盐污染的重要原因,已成为全球集约农区重大农业和生态环境问题。明确不同农作系统土壤硝态氮的产生、淋洗过程及影响因素,并进一步提出阻控措施,具有重要的农学和环境意义。在这一方面国内外学者已经开展了长期、大量的研究,并积累了丰富的资料。本文简要综述了旱地土壤硝化作用的微生物驱动过程,比较了当前最为常用的田间原位监测硝态氮淋洗方法的优缺点,分析了影响硝态氮累积和淋洗的各种因素,总结了相应的调控措施,并对今后的研究工作进行展望:加强旱地土壤硝化作用的关键微生物过程、机理以及相关驱动因子调控作用的研究,有助于增加对土壤氮素循环的认识,而这些认识是旱地农作系统进行氮素优化管理和制定硝态氮淋洗阻控技术的重要基础;继续寻找和建立一种扰动更少、维护简单、样品污染更低、尤其适合长期监测的田间原位研究方法,对于准确地揭示旱地土壤硝态氮的淋洗规律和实时通量尤为重要;系统地开展不同旱地农作系统硝态氮淋洗的综合性研究,阐明影响硝态氮累积和淋洗的主要因素,并提出针对性的阻控措施,更符合田间实际,对于降低区域硝态氮淋洗风险意义重大。
[Abstract]:How to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency and reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and its impact on the environment has become a worldwide research subject on the premise of ensuring the high yield of crops. Nitrate leaching is one of the most important ways for nitrogen loss in dryland soils and an important cause of nitrate pollution in regional groundwater. It has become a major agricultural and ecological problem in intensive agricultural areas of the world. It is of great significance in agronomy and environment to identify the production, leaching process and influencing factors of nitrate nitrogen in different farming systems. In this respect, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a long-term, a large number of research, and accumulated a wealth of information. In this paper, the microbial driving process of nitrification in dryland soil was briefly reviewed, the advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used in situ monitoring of nitrate leaching in field were compared, and the factors affecting the accumulation and elution of nitrate nitrogen were analyzed. This paper summarized the corresponding control measures and looked forward to the future research work: strengthening the key microbial process of soil nitrification in dryland, the mechanism and the regulation of related driving factors. Contribute to increased understanding of the soil nitrogen cycle, which is an important basis for optimal nitrogen management in dryland farming systems and the development of nitrate-nitrogen leaching containment techniques; continue to seek and establish a less disturbed and easier maintenance, The sample pollution is lower, especially suitable for long-term monitoring in the field research method, which is particularly important to accurately reveal the leaching law and real-time flux of nitrate nitrogen in dryland soil. A comprehensive study on the leaching of nitrate nitrogen in different dryland farming systems was carried out systematically. The main factors affecting the accumulation and leaching of nitrate nitrogen were elucidated, and the relevant control measures were put forward, which were more in line with the field practice. It is of great significance to reduce the risk of regional nitrate leaching.
【作者单位】： 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所;中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31400529) 中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费(1630022016017)资助~~
【分类号】：S153;X144
本文编号：2200721
[Abstract]:How to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency and reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and its impact on the environment has become a worldwide research subject on the premise of ensuring the high yield of crops. Nitrate leaching is one of the most important ways for nitrogen loss in dryland soils and an important cause of nitrate pollution in regional groundwater. It has become a major agricultural and ecological problem in intensive agricultural areas of the world. It is of great significance in agronomy and environment to identify the production, leaching process and influencing factors of nitrate nitrogen in different farming systems. In this respect, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a long-term, a large number of research, and accumulated a wealth of information. In this paper, the microbial driving process of nitrification in dryland soil was briefly reviewed, the advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used in situ monitoring of nitrate leaching in field were compared, and the factors affecting the accumulation and elution of nitrate nitrogen were analyzed. This paper summarized the corresponding control measures and looked forward to the future research work: strengthening the key microbial process of soil nitrification in dryland, the mechanism and the regulation of related driving factors. Contribute to increased understanding of the soil nitrogen cycle, which is an important basis for optimal nitrogen management in dryland farming systems and the development of nitrate-nitrogen leaching containment techniques; continue to seek and establish a less disturbed and easier maintenance, The sample pollution is lower, especially suitable for long-term monitoring in the field research method, which is particularly important to accurately reveal the leaching law and real-time flux of nitrate nitrogen in dryland soil. A comprehensive study on the leaching of nitrate nitrogen in different dryland farming systems was carried out systematically. The main factors affecting the accumulation and leaching of nitrate nitrogen were elucidated, and the relevant control measures were put forward, which were more in line with the field practice. It is of great significance to reduce the risk of regional nitrate leaching.
【作者单位】： 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所;中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31400529) 中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费(1630022016017)资助~~
【分类号】：S153;X144
【相似文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 唐冲;;土地测绘质量的影响因素及措施分析[J];科技传播;2013年09期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 李琴;深圳市住宅地价影响因素空间量化分析[D];武汉大学;2017年
，本文编号：2200721
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shengtaihuanjingbaohulunwen/2200721.html
