煤矸山复垦土壤重金属污染的生态风险评价

发布时间：2018-08-28 20:24

【摘要】：【目的】土壤重金属污染是煤矸山复垦地植被恢复的重要障碍因素。因此,查明煤矸山复垦土壤重金属污染程度对指导煤矸山植被复垦具有重要作用。【方法】以山西省长治王庄煤矸山复垦6年的林地(SL)和草地(GL)为研究对象,分析了2种植被类型煤矸山土壤重金属Hg、As、Pb、Cd和Ni污染的生态风险。【结果】(1)从2种复垦地重金属含量的差异来看,在20~40 cm土层,复垦林地(SL)和复垦草地(GL)Pb、Hg、As和Ni不同程度偏高,其中Pb最明显,但在0~20 cm土层,2种复垦地土壤重金属含量低于CK样地。(2)从土壤重金属潜在生态风险单个污染要素看,复垦煤矸山土壤中Hg和Cd是主要的污染元素,其中Hg属于极强的生态危害,Cd属于中等生态危害;在0~20 cm土层,GL样地和SL样地污染状况差异较小,但在20~40 cm土层污染程度差异较大;从土壤重金属潜在生态风险综合指数来看,0~20 cm土层危害程度表现为GLSL;20~40 cm土层为SLGL。【结论】可见,2种复垦样地20~40 cm土层重金属含量高于普通灌草林地,并且Hg和Cd是复垦样地中主要的污染元素;2种复垦样地重金属综合污染程度在0~20 cm土层表现为复垦草地高于复垦林地,但在20~40 cm土层正好相反。
[Abstract]:Objective: heavy metal pollution in soil is an important obstacle to vegetation restoration in coal and gangue mountains. Therefore, it is important to find out the degree of heavy metal pollution in the reclaimed soil of the coal gangue mountain. [methods] the (SL) and (GL) of the forest land and the grassland (GL), which have been reclaimed for 6 years in Wangzhuang Mountain of Shanxi Province, are taken as the research objects. The ecological risk of heavy metal Hg,As,Pb,Cd and Ni pollution in soil of two types of coal and gangue mountain was analyzed. [results] (1) according to the difference of heavy metal content in two kinds of reclamation land, the (SL) of reclaimed forest land and the (GL) Pb,Hg,As and Ni of reclaimed grassland were higher in 2040 cm soil layer. Pb is the most obvious, but the content of heavy metals in soil of 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer is lower than that of CK sample land. (2) according to the potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals, Hg and Cd are the main pollution elements in the soil of coal and gangue mountain. Among them, Hg is a very strong ecological hazard and CD is a moderate ecological hazard, and the difference between GL sample and SL sample in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer is small, but in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer, the pollution degree is quite different. According to the comprehensive index of potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil, the degree of damage in the soil layer of 20 cm is that the soil layer of GLSL;20~40 cm is SLGL. [conclusion] it can be seen that the content of heavy metals in the soil layer of 2040 cm in two reclaimed samples is higher than that in the common shrub forest land. Moreover, Hg and Cd were the main pollution elements in the reclaimed land. The comprehensive pollution degree of heavy metals in the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer was higher than that in the reclaimed forest land, but in the 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer, it was the opposite.
【作者单位】：山西师范大学地理科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年项目(41301304)
【分类号】：X53;X826

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