2014年武汉东湖水生植物多样性及其分布特征

发布时间：2018-09-07 08:20

【摘要】：全球众多湖泊发生富营养化并造成诸多环境问题,为了解武汉东湖数十年富营养化历程中水生植物多样性和分布情况,2014年对武汉东湖的4个主要湖区沿岸带的水生植物进行了调查,包括郭郑湖、汤林湖、团湖和后湖4个湖区,总共设置20个采样点,每个采样点设3个样方(沿岸带挺水植被,1 m×1 m;沉水植物,0.2 m×0.2 m).结果表明:东湖现存水生植物共计16科17属19种,其中狭叶香蒲、莲和菱是优势种,挺水植物、沉水植物、浮叶植物和漂浮植物分别为10、6、2和1种;东湖主要水生植物群落类型有7种,除了挺水植物群丛外,浮叶植物和沉水植物的群丛都是单优结构,植物群落分布面积为0.13 km~2,仅占东湖总面积的0.48%.与历史数据对比发现,自20世纪50年代以来,东湖水生植物的多样性指数降低、分布极度萎缩,东湖大部分水生植物群落结构趋于单优化.研究显示,造成东湖植被衰退的主要原因是湖泊的逐渐富营养化、草食性鱼类的过度放养和生境的破坏.
[Abstract]:Eutrophication and environmental problems in many lakes around the world, In order to understand the diversity and distribution of aquatic plants in the course of eutrophication in Donghu Lake, Wuhan, in 2014, a survey was carried out on the aquatic plants in the four main coastal zones of East Lake, Wuhan, including Kuo Zheng Lake, Tanglin Lake, Tuanhu Lake and Houhu Lake, four lakes, including Kuo Zheng Lake, Tanglin Lake, Tuanhu Lake and Houhu Lake. A total of 20 sampling sites were set up, and each sampling site was divided into 3 plots (1 m 脳 1 m for octopus vegetation in the coastal zone and 0. 2 m 脳 0. 2 m). For submerged plants). The results showed that there were 16 families, 17 genera and 19 species of aquatic plants in Donghu Lake, among which Typha angustifolia, lotus and rhombus were the dominant species, and the species of octopathic, submerged, floating leaf and floating plants were 100.62 and 1, respectively. There are 7 species of main aquatic plant communities in the East Lake. Except for the octopus, the communities of both floating-leaf plants and submerged plants are mono-superior. The distribution area of plant communities is 0.13 km~2, which only accounts for 0.48% of the total area of Donghu Lake. Comparing with the historical data, it was found that the diversity index of aquatic plants in the East Lake decreased and the distribution was extremely shrinking since the 1950s, and the community structure of most aquatic plants in the East Lake tended to be single optimization. The results show that the main causes of vegetation decline in the East Lake are the gradual eutrophication of the lake the overstocking of herbivorous fish and the destruction of habitat.
【作者单位】：中国科学院水生生物研究所东湖湖泊生态系统试验站淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室;江西省·中国科学院庐山植物园;武汉市环境保护科学研究院;南昌大学鄱阳湖环境与资源教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：江西省自然科学基金项目(20151BAB204013) 国家自然科学基金项目(31560149) 淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室课题(2016FB208)
【分类号】：X524;Q948.8

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