中国国道和省道机动车尾气排放特征

发布时间：2018-09-07 13:35

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国机动车保有量的持续增长,机动车排放已成为我国重要的大气污染物来源之一.现有的机动车排放研究多关注城市内的机动车大气污染物排放,针对城市间的大气污染物排放研究较少.我国城市间交通道路主要包括国道和省道,截止至2015年我国国道里程18.53万km、省道里程32.97万km,约占全国等级公路总里程的13%,因此开展我国国道和省道机动车大气污染物排放研究十分重要.本研究基于全国国道和省道交通监测站的年均监测数据,采用环境保护部发布的《道路机动车大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南(试行)》中的指导方法,计算了2015年我国国道和省道机动车的大气污染物排放清单,分析了污染物排放的时空分布特征.结果表明,我国国道和省道公路机动车排放的一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NO_x)、颗粒物(PM)和碳氢化合物(HC)排放量分别占全国机动车污染物总排放量的4.5%、27.9%、14.4%和7.7%;不同车型对国道和省道机动车大气污染物排放的分担率不同,其中大货车是NO_x、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的主要来源,摩托车是CO和HC的主要来源;不同道路类型中各车型的大气污染物排放分担率也不同,如高速路上大货车是NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的主要来源,普通道路上大客车和大货车是NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的主要来源.
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous growth of vehicle ownership in China, vehicle emissions have become one of the important sources of air pollutants in China. The current research on motor vehicle emissions focuses on the emission of motor vehicle air pollutants in cities, but less on the emissions of air pollutants among cities. Intercity traffic roads in China mainly include national highways and provincial roads. By 2015, the mileage of China's national highway is 185300 km, and the mileage of provincial road is 329700 km,. Therefore, it is very important to study the emission of air pollutants from national and provincial motor vehicles in China. Based on the annual monitoring data of national highway and provincial road traffic monitoring stations, this study adopts the guidance method of the Technical Guide for compiling the Air Pollutant inventory of Road Motor vehicles (for trial implementation) issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The emission inventory of air pollutants from motor vehicles of national and provincial roads in China in 2015 was calculated and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of pollutant emissions were analyzed. The results show that The carbon monoxide (CO),) nitrogen oxides (NO_x), particulate matter (PM) and hydrocarbons (HC) emitted from motor vehicles of national highways and provincial highways accounted for 4.527. 9% and 7. 7% of the total emission of motor vehicle pollutants respectively. The contribution rate of air pollutant emission from vehicle is different, Large trucks are the main sources of NO_x,PM_ (10) PM2.5, motorcycles are the main sources of CO and HC, and different types of roads have different air pollutant emission sharing rates. For example, large trucks on highways are the main sources of NO_x,PM_ (10) and PM_ (2.5). Buses and trucks on ordinary roads are the main sources of NO_x,PM_ (10) and PM_ (2. 5).
【作者单位】：交通运输部规划研究院;北京市劳动保护科学研究所;北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院;
【基金】：清华大学环境学院重点学术机构开放基金项目
【分类号】：X734.2

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